Table 1. Correlation between prenatal ultrasound, fetal and postnatal ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging in six cases with adverse neurodevelopment outcomes.
| MA | GA | Karyotype | US (Brain Scan) | Fetal MRI | Pregnancy outcome | Postnatal outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | 22.1 | 46,XX | Bilateral borderline VM US follow-up: - 29 wks: RLV 12.5mm/LLV 11,3 mm - 33 wks: RLV13mm/LLV 12 mm |
SVD at 40 wks MRI: hippocampus anomaly |
Nystagmus, visual impairment | |
| 35 | 21 | 46,XX | Unilateral borderline VM (11 mm) | − | IOL at 38 wks for PE | Mild neurodevelopmental delay |
| 35 | 35 | 46,XX | Unilateral moderate VL (14 mm) | Bilateral VL; decreased volume of the posterior white matter | IOL at 38 wks for PE. Microcephaly, deep hypotonia; cyst of the thalamocaudate sulcus, hypoplastic pons, slightly rotated cerebellar vermis | West syndrome, visual impairment, moderate neuromotor impairment |
| 34 | 22 | 46,XY | Bilateral, mild borderline VM (11 mm) US follow-up: – 26 wks: 13 mm/11 mm – 30 wks: 15 mm/11 mm – 34, 36, 38 wks: 7 mm/11 mm |
Bilateral, mild borderline VM (10.2 mm) II MRI 33 wks: right hydrocephalus (LV 17 mm); mild left VL (11 mm) |
SVD at 40 wks MRI: stable LV, abnormal periventricular neuronal migration |
Epilepsy, hypermetropy |
| 37 | 22 | 46,XX | Unilateral mild VL (11.5 mm) | Mild unilateral VL | C-s at 41 wks; bilateral, mild-moderate neurosensory hypoacusis | Mild neuromotor delay |
| 28 | 33.2 | ND | Bilateral, borderline VM (11 mm), anti HPA-1 Ab-positive; negative antiplatelet Ab US follow-up 36 wks: RLV 12 mm, left hydrocephalus (LV 16 mm) associated with septum at the level of the occipital horn; choroid plexus cyst |
Bilateral VM (RLV, 15 mm; LLV 11mm); septum of the occipital horn; cyst of the thalamocaudate sulcus; distorted choroid plexus | SVD at 40 wks Brain Scan: ventricular dilatation; CMV reinfection MRI: VM, increased signal of the temporal white matter and increased ADC, abnormal white matter migration, septum in the left occipital horn, abnormal hyppocampus gyration |
Mild neuromotor impairment |
Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; anti-HPA, anti-human platelet antigen; CMV, cytomegalovirus; C-s, cesarean section; GA, gestational age; IOL, induction of labor; LV, lateral ventricle, LLV, left lateral ventricle; MA, maternal age; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; ND, not done; PE, preeclampsia; RLV, right lateral ventricle; SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery; US, ultrasound; VM, ventriculomegaly; wks, weeks of gestation.