Table 1. Demographics and medical history.
| Variables | Refugee Group | Control groups | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 576) | (n = 576) | ||
| Age (years) median (min–max) | 23 (14–44) | 27 (16–44) | < 0.001* |
| Adolescent pregnancy (< 21 years) (n/%) | 183 (31%) | 54 (10%) | < 0.001* |
| Pregnancy with < 19 years (n/%) | 57 (%10) | 5 (1%) | < 0.001* |
| Gravida (mean ± SD) | 2.92 ± 2(1–15) | 2.27 ± 1.3 (1–9) | < 0.001* |
| Parity (n/%) | < 0.001* | ||
| Nullipara | 200 (34%) | 233 (40%) | |
| 1 | 246 (42%) | 295 (51%) | |
| ≥ 2 | 130 (22%)* | 48 (8%)* | |
| Previous abortion median (min–max) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–7) | 0.288 |
| Previous D&C median (min–max) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–5) | 0.114 |
| Maternal BMI n (%) | 0.006* | ||
| < 19 | 8 (1.4%) | 4 (0.8%) | |
| 19–25 | 132 (23%)* | 83 (16%) | |
| > 25 | 436 (75%) | 412 (82%)* | |
| Gestational age(weeks) (mean ± SD) | 37.49 ± 2.05 | 38.14 ± 1.78 | < 0.001* |
| WGDP (kg) (mean ± SD) | 9.33 ± 4.28 | 11.87 ± 4.59 | < 0.001* |
| Weight gain per week (g) | 25.29 ± 11.6 | 31.06 ± 11.7 | < 0.001* |
| Education level (n/%) | < 0.001* | ||
| 1 | 308 (53%)* | 11 (1.9%)* | |
| 2 | 133 (23%)* | 432 (75%)* | |
| 3 | 51 (8.9%)* | 20 (3.5%)* | |
| Maternal systemic disease (n/%) | 17 (3%) | 17 (3) | 1 |
| Hb levels (mg/dl) median (min–max) | 11.7 (6.1–15) | 12 (7.7–14.7) | < 0.001* |
| Anemia (Hb < 12 mg/dl) (n/%) | 332 (57%) | 197 (39%) | < 0.001* |
| Hematocrit median (min–max) | 35 (22–45) | 36 (24–45) | < 0.001* |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; D&C, dilatation and curettage; Hb, hemoglobin; SD, standard deviation; WDGP, weight gain during pregnancy.
Education level = 1: uneducated, 2: 0–12 years, 3: >12 years; Maternal systemic disease included diabetes and hypertension.
*
p < 0.05, significant.