FIG 2.

Summary of the systemic and tumor-level effects of CH in patients with solid tumor supported by recent research. Similar to healthy individuals, patients with cancer with CH will experience elevated systemic inflammation, higher risk of age-related conditions, especially cardiovascular disease, and increased hematologic cancer risk, primarily via therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. At the tumor level, CH has a diverse range of effects that vary on the basis of cancer type and CH driver mutation, while also interfering with the diagnosis of tumour mutations. Created with BioRender.⁴ CH, clonal hematopoiesis; IL, interleukin; TME, tumor microenvironment; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.