Table 2. Summary of descriptive and analytic statistics for T. gondii seropositivity in small ruminants from selected smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe (2020).
| Variable | Level | Distribution d | Association testing d | Univariable logistic regression d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Prevalence (%) | CI (95%) | Fisher’s exact | OR | CI (95%) | p value | ||
| Seropositivity | Overall | 398 | 27 (6.8) [5.2] | 4.5–9.7 | - | - | - | - |
| Location* | 1: Chivi | 138 | 19 (13.8) | 8.5–20.7 | p < 0.000 | Ref | - | - |
| 2: Zvimba | 162 | 3 (1.9) | 0.4–5.3 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.4 | 0.001 | ||
| 3: Makoni | 64 | 1 (1.6) | 0.0–8.4 | 0.1 | 0.0–0.8 | 0.026 | ||
| 4: Abattoir | 34 | 4 (11.8) | 3.3–27.5 | 0.8 | 0.3–2.6 | 0.759 | ||
| Species | 1: Caprine | 335 | 25 (7.5) | 4.9–10.8 | p = 0.282 | |||
| 2: Ovine | 63 | 2 (3.2) | 0.4–11.0 | |||||
| Age | 1: 1<x≤2 years | 69 | 5 (7.3) | 2.4–16.1 | p = 0.913 | Ref | - | - |
| 2: 2<x≤3 years | 59 | 3 (5.1) | 1.1–14.2 | 0.7 | 0.2–3.0 | 0.620 | ||
| 3: 3<x≤4 years | 93 | 5 (5.4) | 1.8–12.1 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.6 | 0.630 | ||
| 4: 4<x≤5 years | 120 | 10 (8.3) | 4.1–14.8 | 1.2 | 0.4–3.6 | 0.790 | ||
| 5: x>5 years | 57 | 4 (7.0) | 2.0–17.0 | 1.0 | 0.3–3.8 | 0.960 | ||
| Parity | 0: 0 | 1 | 0 | - | p = 0.339 | |||
| 1: 1–2 | 212 | 11 (5.2) | 2.6–9.1 | |||||
| 2: 3–4 | 144 | 12 (8.3) | 4.4–14.1 | |||||
| 3: ≥5 | 28 | 3 (10.7) | 2.3–28.2 | |||||
| Sex | 1: Female | 385 | 26 (6.8) | 4.5–9.7 | p = 0.605 | |||
| 2: Male | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 0.2–38.5 | |||||
| Abortion history | 0: No | 281 | 21 (7.5) | 4.7–11.2 | p = 0.493 | |||
| 1: Yes | 104 | 5 (4.8) | 1.6–10.9 | |||||
| Orchitis history | 0: No | 6 | 0 | - | p = 1.000 | |||
| 1: Yes | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 0.4–57.9 | |||||
N, number of animals; P, probability value; CI, Confidence Interval
* These variables had Fisher’s Exact p < 0.05 and were used in the univariable logistic regression analysis
d Dependent variable: small ruminant seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii (negative = 0, positive = 1); [%] test adjusted prevalence.