Table 2. Number of emergency department visits for selected domestically acquired illnesses from different water sources in study estimating waterborne infectious disease burden by exposure route, United States, 2014*.
| Disease or syndrome | Water exposure route, no. visits (95% CrI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Recreational water† | Drinking water‡ | NRND water§ | |
| Acute otitis externa | 538,000 (309,000–793,000) | 15,300 (0–111,000) | 13,500 (0–63,500) |
| Campylobacteriosis | 102 (0–534) | 140 (0–630) | 76 (0–468) |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 323 (69–732) | 117 (2–413) | 53 (0–228) |
| Giardiasis | 278 (36–755) | 187 (8–615) | 102 (0–453) |
| Legionnaires’ disease | 61 (8–234) | 349 (96–722) | 257 (66–585) |
| NTM infection | 636 (0–2,200) | 3,420 (1,240–5,980) | 1,020 (0–2,850) |
| Norovirus infection | 12,300 (39–57,200) | 11,900 (36–56,100) | 2,020 (0–15,700) |
| Pseudomonas pneumonia | 139 (18–307) | 17 (1–87) | 135 (24–301) |
| Pseudomonas septicemia | 3 (0–12) | 6 (0–26) | 28 (1–85) |
| Salmonellosis, nontyphoidal |
35 (0–168) |
145 (8–514) |
14 (0–78) |
| STEC infection | |||
| O157 serotype | 8 (0–25) | 3 (0–12) | 0 (0–3) |
| Non–O157 serotype |
2 (0–9) |
0 (0–3) |
2 (0–7) |
| Shigellosis | 49 (3–236) | 2 (0–15) | 13 (0–62) |
|
Vibrio spp. infections¶ |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Total visits | 552,000 (320,000–808,000) | 31,600 (4,070–133,000) | 17,200 (951–69,400) |
*Estimates are rounded to 3 significant figures. CrI, credible interval; NA, not applicable; NRND, nonrecreational nondrinking; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli.†Recreational water is used for recreational activities, such as swimming, in treated (e.g., pools, hot tubs, and splash pads) or untreated (e.g., lakes, rivers, and oceans) venues (19). ‡Drinking water is used primarily for drinking but can also be used for maintaining hygiene, such as for washing or showering, and can come from public water systems, private wells, or commercially bottled sources (19). §NRND water is used for purposes other than recreation or drinking (e.g., for agriculture, industry, or medical procedures) and can come from backcountry streams or flood waters (19). ¶No codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, are available for Vibrio spp. infections, only a general code for vibriosis and cholera combined. Emergency department visit estimates relied on administrative data that used those codes and are available only for Vibrio infections overall.