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. 2023 Jun 15;15:1181160. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1181160

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Copyright © 2023 Li, Xu, Zhong, Wang, Luo, Xiao, Dai, Han and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Network meta-analysis Comparisons for MoCA. Interventions are reported in alphabetical order. Data are MDs (95% CI) of the column-defining intervention compared to the row-defining intervention. For MoCA, 95% CI doesn't contain 0 and MDs higher than 0 favor the column-defining treatment (i.e., the first in alphabetical order). Significant results are in bold and underscored. Manual acupuncture plus herbal decoction (MDs ranging between 2.87 and 6.04), electroacupuncture (MDs ranging between 2.08 and 4.27) and manual acupuncture plus piracetam (MDs ranging between 1.66 and 3.60) are more effective than other interventions. Nimodipine (MDs ranging between −1.74 and −5.87) and donepezil hydrochloride (MDs ranging between −1.26 and −6.04) are among the least efficacious interventions. MD, mean difference; CI, confidence interval. Intervention: A: manual acupuncture; B: electroacupuncture; C: nimodipine; D: donepezil hydrochloride; E: piracetam; F: herbal decoction; G: manual acupuncture plus electroacupuncture; H: manual acupuncture plus nimodipine; I: manual acupuncture plus donepezil hydrochloride; J: manual acupuncture plus piracetam; K: manual acupuncture plus herbal decoction; L: electroacupuncture plus nimodipine; M: warm acupuncture plus nimodipine; N: manual acupuncture plus electroacupuncture plus nimodipine.