Table 1.
Inflammatory biomarkers detected in serum and saliva in healthy subjects
| Biomarkers | Serum concentration | Saliva concentration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines/chemokines | TNFα | 60–90 pg·mL−1 | 20–45 pg·mL−1 |
| IL-6 | 0–44 pg·mL−1 | 0.5–34 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-1α | 31.4 pg·mL−1 | 361 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-1β | 0.5–20 pg·mL−1 | 40.5–494 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-2 | 21 pg·mL−1 | 4.3–10.3 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-4 | 10–20 ng·L−1 | 15–25 ng·L−1 | |
| IL-5 | 2.6–13 pg·mL−1 | 0–3.5 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-7 | 6.5 pg·mL−1 | 8.3 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-8 | 6.8–39 pg·mL−1 | 150–400 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-10 | 0.5–2.9 pg·mL−1 | 0.5–5.1 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL12p70 | 2–10.5 pg·mL−1 | 19.2 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-13 | 17 pg·mL−1 | 0.7 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-15 | 65.5–170 ng·L−1 | 0–8.7 pg·mL−1 | |
| IL-17a | 15–40 pg·mL−1 | 5–10 pg·mL−1 | |
| IFNγ | 20–42 pg·mL−1 | 28 pg·mL−1 | |
| CCL2 (MCP1) | 6–70 pg·mL−1 | 125 pg·mL−1 | |
| CCL3 (MIP1α) | 5.2 pg·mL−1 | 2.3 pg·mL−1 | |
| eotaxin (CCL11) | 35–50 pg·mL−1 | 5.2–6.2 pg·mL−1 | |
| TGFβ | 1.8–26 ng·mL−1 | 5.4–30 ng·mL−1 | |
| Proinflammatory enzymes | MMP8 | 5.7–19 ng·mL−1 | 2.5–309 pg·mL−1 |
| MMP9 | 215–608 ng·mL−1 | 50–100 ng·mL−1 | |
| TIMP1 | 305–342 g·L−1 | 1.5–3 pg·mL−1 | |
| TIMP2 | 100–200 ng·mL−1 | 2–3.5 ng·mL−1 | |
| Carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) | 3.5–4.5 ng·mL−1 | 15.2 ng·mL−1 | |
| Antioxidant markers | 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) | 121–200 ng·L−1 | 6.5–7.5 ng per 1 mg albumin |
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | 0-29-0.98 mmol·L−1 | 0.85–4.31 mmol·L−1 | |
| Uric acid | 0.5–1.5 mg·dL−1 | 2.8–4 mg per 1 mg albumin | |
| Glutatione peroxidase (GPX) | 196–477 U·L−1 | 17–39 U per 1 mg albumin | |
| TAC (total antioxidant capacity) | (1.92 ± 0.34) mmol trolox equivper L | 1.1–1.5 nnol per 1 mg albumin | |
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | 0.78–1.48 U·mL−1 | 0.6–1.53 U·mL−1 | |
| Glutathione (GSH) | 1.91–4.41 μmol·L−1 | 1.1 (0.1–3.3) μmol·L−1 | |
| Mieloperossidase (MPO) | 30–40 ng·mL−1 | (0.40 ± 0.16) μmol·L−1 | |
| 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) | 0.5–2 μg·mL−1 | 0–0.15 μg·mL−1 | |
| Acute phase proteins | C-reactive protein (CRP) | 0.1–10 mg·L−1 | 0–472 pg·mL−1 |
| Serum amyloid A (SAA) | 15–35 mg·L−1 | 3.1–423 U·mL−1 | |
| Haptoglobin (Hp) | 50–220 mg·dL−1 | 451–1 457 μg·L−1 | |
| C3 | 1–3 mg·L−1 | 0–2 mg·mL−1 | |
| Alpha1antitrypsin (AAT) | 0.9–1.75 g·L−1 | 2–2 271 ng·mL−1 | |
| IL-1ra | 350–700 ng·L−1 | 3 700 pg·mL−1 | |
| Ferritin | 10–250 ng·mL−1 | 147–191 mg·L−1 | |
| Cortisol | 5–23 mg·dL−1 | 3–19 mg·L−1 | |
| Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) | 0.1–10 mg·mL−1 | 4.2–10.1 mg·mL−1 | |
| Adipokines | Leptin | 10 ng·mL−1 | 21–42 pg·mL−1 |
| Adiponectin | 0-5-30 μg·mL−1 | 29 mg·dL−1 | |