Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of military young adults receiving oral examination and carotid ultrasonography.

	Periodontal healthy (N = 349)	Periodontitis (N = 137)			p value
		Stage I (N = 41)	Stage II (N = 57)	Stage III (N = 39)
cIMT, mm	0.65 ± 0.12	0.72 ± 0.08	0.74 ± 0.05	0.76 ± 0.17	< 0.001
Age, years	30.65 ± 5.17	36.37 ± 3.84	29.65 ± 5.51	34.18 ± 4.37	< 0.001
Men, %	319 (91.4)	38 (92.7)	56 (98.2)	39 (100.0)	0.08
Alcohol drinking, %	203 (58.2)	23 (56.1)	23 (40.4)	25 (64.1)	0.06
Tobacco smoking, %	231 (66.2)	26 (63.4)	21 (36.8)	20 (51.3)	0.19
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.72 ± 2.95	26.23 ± 3.82	26.60 ± 3.96	28.17 ± 3.69	< 0.001
Waist circumference, cm	83.31 ± 7.52	88.12 ± 9.40	86.68 ± 10.57	92.48 ± 9.26	< 0.001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	119.32 ± 13.39	119.00 ± 13.02	124.77 ± 18.14	124.87 ± 12.78	0.008
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	71.65 ± 10.71	75.08 ± 8.48	75.38 ± 14.64	77.33 ± 10.84	0.002
Blood examinations
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	170.28 ± 28.93	189.32 ± 28.08	190.58 ± 43.37	196.44 ± 41.13	< 0.001
LDL-C, mg/dL	102.40 ± 25.30	119.95 ± 23.46	114.77 ± 35.79	115.41 ± 32.50	< 0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL	48.95 ± 10.22	48.73 ± 9.13	49.02 ± 9.83	48.41 ± 9.56	0.98
Triglycerides, mg/dL	103.21 ± 66.49	142.56 ± 82.16	153.42 ± 139.74	181.18 ± 163.88	< 0.001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	92.60 ± 8.08	103.12 ± 12.95	95.14 ± 37.05	104.23 ± 14.97	< 0.001
Uric acid, mg/dL	6.82 ± 1.39	6.85 ± 1.60	6.24 ± 1.26	6.40 ± 1.51	0.01
Leucocyte counts, 103/µL	6.68 ± 1.67	6.74 ± 1.29	6.27 ± 2.07	6.58 ± 1.42	0.36
Tooth brushing frequency
1 time/day	82 (23.5)	6 (14.6)	7 (12.3)	7 (17.9)	0.25
2 times/day	150 (43.0)	21 (51.2)	26 (45.6)	22 (56.4)
≥ 3 times/day	117 (33.5)	14 (34.1)	24 (42.1)	10 (25.6)

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation), and categorical variables as N (%).

cIMT carotid intima-media thickness, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol.