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. 2023 Jan 25;44(7):1337–1349. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-01046-7

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 2 — a Outline of the experimental procedure for minocycline treatment and behavioral tests. b Representative images of Iba1 immunostaining and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of Iba1⁺ microglia (gray) in the ACC (n = 8 slices from three mice per group). Scale bars, 30 μm (up), 8 μm (down). c Quantification of cell morphometry of Iba1⁺ microglia in the ACC. The STZ + Mino mice showed decreased Iba1⁺ cell numbers, lower overall Iba1⁺ intensity, increased total process length, and more branch points of microglia compared with STZ + ACSF-treated mice (n = 8 slices from three mice per group). d Pain threshold in STZ-treated mice with ACC infusion of minocycline (Mino) or ACSF for two weeks (n = 5–6 mice per group). Mino, minocycline. Data are shown as means ± SEM. ***P < 0.001; n.s., (not significant). A two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test was used for (c, d)