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. 2023 Jun 15;10:1197432. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1197432

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© 2023 den Hartigh, May, Zhang, Chait and Blaser.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolic disease states associated with increased circulating SAA. Obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), autoimmune diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, and gestational), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are chronic metabolic conditions that are all associated with increased circulating SAA levels.