Fig. 5.

Identification of candidate transcription factors (TFs) regulating HIV-1 promoter activity. A TZM-bl cells were transfected with a siRNA mixture targeting each of the candidate TFs in the absence or presence of Tat. Luciferase activities were determined 48 ​h later (mean ​± ​SEM, n ​= ​3). (B) Expression constructs of candidate transcription factors were co-transfected with the HIV-1 5′-LTR reporter vector with or without Tat in HEK293T cells. After 48 ​h, the luciferase activity was measured (mean ​± ​SEM, n ​= ​3). (C) Expression constructs of candidate genes were co-transfected with HIV-1 5′-LTR, SV40, or CMV-IE promoter reporter vectors in HEK293T cells. Luciferase activities were assessed 48 ​h after transfection (mean ​± ​SEM, n ​= ​3). Statistical significance was analyzed between luciferase activities of each reporter vector co-transfected with empty vector and vector encoding candidate transcription factors. ∗, P ​< ​0.05; ∗∗, P ​< ​0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.001.