Table 1.
Arrhythmogenesis and cellular electrophysiological findings of cardiac ryanodinopathies
| Caffeine-induced Ca2+ release |
SOICR | Isoproterenol stimulation | DAD | EAD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPVT | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ DAD + ventricular arrhythmia | + | − |
| Exon 3 deletion syndrome | ND | Impaired termination | ↑↑ DAD + ventricular arrhythmia? | + | − |
| CRDS | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | − | − | + |
CPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; CRDS, calcium release deficiency syndrome; DAD, delayed afterdepolarization; EAD, early afterdepolarization; ND, not determined; SOICR, store overload-induced Ca2+ release.