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. 2023 Jun 15;17:1213732. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1213732

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Dose-dependent induction of network-driven interictal bursts by RSL3. (A) Representative traces of spontaneously occurring action potentials and bursting activity recorded at –70 mV from layer IV cortical spiny neurons in control and 15-min after application of increasing concentrations of RSL3. Firing or bursting activity marked by an asterisk is shown on the right on an expanded time scale. (B) Dose-response curve of burst’s frequency induced by increasing concentrations of RSL3. RSL3 effects start at concentrations of 2 μM and reach a steady state at 10 μM. Each point is the mean of 8 samples from 3 animals. Bars represent the SEM. (C) Sample trace of spontaneously occurring bursting activity induced by RSL3 (5 μM) at two different holding potentials. Note that the bursting activity persisted by hyperpolarizing the membrane from –70 to –90 mV. (D) Sample trace of interictal bursts induced by RSL3 (5 μM), recorded simultaneously from a spiny neuron with a patch electrode (upper trace) and from a population ensemble (field potentials, lower trace) with an extracellular electrode positioned close to the apical dendrites of layer IV principal cell.