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. 2023 Jun 25;12(3):172–192. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.172

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effect of antenatal Rubella Infection on the brain. Rubella virus causes liver dysfunction, which induces altered vitamin A metabolism and endogenous hypervitaminosis A. This hypervitaminosis A causes mitochondrial damage, DNA alteration, and altered apoptosis, resulting in brain damage and autism manifestations.