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. 2023 Jun 16;11:1126373. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1126373

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© 2023 Zhao, Zhang, Xiong, Du, Chen, Guo and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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3D columnar and plane pressure map of anal tube strength distribution. β was the 2D rectangle grid plane pressure map when the 3D column (α) was cut along the anterior midline so that 4 quadrants (anterior, posterior, right, and left) were divided. The double arrow indicated the length of high-pressure zone. Patient A, 1 year 11 months, cloaca, postoperative 18 months with occasional constipation. Normal HPZ-length, HPZ-rest, and HPZ-sqze with symmetric strength distribution in the resting phase (A1) and squeeze phase (A2). Patient B, 7 years, cloaca, postoperative 72 months with severe fecal incontinence. Short HPZ-length, significantly lower HPZ-rest, and HPZ-sqze with asymmetric strength distribution in resting (B1, lacking in both posterior and anterior) and squeeze phase (B2, lacking in both posterior and anterior).