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. 2023 Jun 16;11:1208279. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208279

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Gsc +/Cyp26A1 E10.5 embryos have aberrant neural crest cell migration in the developing cranial nerves. Gsc +/Cyp26A1 E10.5 embryos show a dysregulated cranial nerve patterning in the developing face and branchial arches derived from the neural crest cell lineage (B, D). Gsc +/Cyp26A1 E10.5 embryos have decreased neural crest cell migration in cranial nerves V (black arrows), VII, VIII, X, XI, and specifically IX (red arrows). WT Littermates demonstrate proper cranial nerve patterning in the developing face and branchial arches; and the cranial nerves are migrating as expected (A, C); cranial nerves are identified by red Roman numerals). Notice that cranial nerve V does not innervate the optic vesicle in either of the Gsc +/Cyp26A1 embryos, but correctly innervates the optic vesicle (black asterisk) in WT littermate embryos. These results demonstrate that the Gsc +/Cyp26A1 model results in aberrant neural crest cell proliferation and migration. * = optic vesicle. Immunohistochemistry marker: Neurofilament-200 (NF-200) protein. Scale Bars: 500 um (A–D).