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. 2023 Jun 16;11:1208279. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208279

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Copyright © 2023 Petrelli, Oztürk, Pind, Ayele, Fainsod and Hicks.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gsc ^+/Cyp26A1 mice have a wider cranium compared to WT littermates. P60 Gsc ^+/Cyp26A1 mice show a statistically significant wider cranium in all 4 major skull region width measurements: Nasal Bone (A), L-R Anterolateral Frontal Bone (B), Frontal Bone (C), and Intraparietal Bone Widths (D). Gsc ^+/Cyp26A1 mice do not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the 4 major skull region length measurements: Nasal Bone (E), Frontal Bone (F), Parietal Bone (G) and Intraparietal Bone lengths (H). Gsc ^+/Cyp26A1 mice, n = 10; C57BL/6N mice, n = 5; WT with spontaneous malocclusions, n = 3. A t-test was used to determine statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.