Table 3.
BDI-II-Persian score and depression status of the participants at the baseline and 8th week (n = 80)
| Diet (n = 40) |
Diet + Kefir (n = 40) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Depression score Mean ± SD |
Baseline | 17.52 ± 10.41 | 15.35 ± 10.44 | 0.35* |
| 8th week | 16.15 ± 9.63 | 13.05 ± 9.30 | 0.14* | |
| P-value | 0.10# | 0.02# | ||
| Mean differences | − 1.37 ± 5.22 | − 2.30 ± 6.16 | 0.59† | |
| Depression Status | ||||
|
Baseline N (%) |
No or minimal | 13 (32.5) | 14 (35.0) | 0.33‡ |
| Mild | 7 (17.5) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| Moderate | 16 (40.0) | 9 (22.5) | ||
| Severe | 4 (10.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
|
8th week N (%) |
No or minimal | 13 (32.5) | 18 (45.0) | 0.71‡ |
| Mild | 10 (25.0) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Moderate | 14 (35.0) | 12 (30.0) | ||
| Severe | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.0) |
Data are reported as mean ± SD for BDI-II-Persian score and number (%) for depression status
* Independent Sample t-test
# Paired t-test
† ANCOVA adjusted for changes in energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake
‡ Chi-square test
P-value less than 0.05 considered significant