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. 2023 Jun 30;23:346. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04354-0

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Possible gene response to Al-stress in oil palm. The stimuli of Al-stress and ROS might induce the expression of transcription factors such as NAC and DREB1F and calcium sensor Calmodulin-like (CML), which regulate detoxification enzymes such as GRXC1, PER15, ROMT, ZSS1, BBI, HS1, and ABA inductor against Al-stress in oil palm. STOP1 and ABA-mediated response might induce an external detoxification mechanism. Black straight lines represent the direct association between genes, and dashed lines are hypothetical associations based on literature