Table 2.

Direction of clinical treatment by mNGS.

Clinical benefit of mNGS	mNGS guidance for patient management
Initiation therapy of antimicrobial agents	mNGS detected pathogens and directed application of antimicrobial agents.
De-escalation therapy of antimicrobial agents	According to the results of mNGS and traditional test, the pathogenic microorganisms were identified and the empirical anti-infective drugs were adjusted.
Upgradation therapy of antimicrobial agents	According to the results of mNGS and traditional test, the pathogenic microorganisms were identified and appropriate antimicrobial agents were selected.
Identification of pathogenic micro- organisms	mNGS detected pathogens and directed application of antibiotics.
No clinical significance	Combined with clinical symptoms and traditional test, it was ascertained that some pathogenic microorganisms had no clinical significance.