Table 3.

Pathogens identified by mNGS in combination with other laboratory testing.

Number	Diagnosis	Type of clinical sample	Pathogenic microorganism	Validation method
2	AML	blood, sputum	Candida tropicalis	culture, G test
14	AML	blood, sputum, perianal swab	Rhizomucor pusillus	G test
15	AML	blood, sputum, perianal swab	Rhizomucor pusillus	G test
16	AML	blood, stool	Rhizomucor pusillus	G test
36	MM	blood,sputum,mid-stream urine	Candida albicans	culture, G test
38	AMLL	blood	Klebsiella pneumoniae	culture
40	ALL	blood,secretion	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
41	AML	blood,secretion	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
43	AML	blood,sputum,perianal swab	Klebsiella pneumoniae	culture
47	MDS	blood	Candida tropicalis	G test
48	HLH	blood, mid-stream urine, oropharyngeal swab	EBV	PCR
53	HLH	blood	EBV	PCR
54	AA	blood	Lichtheimia ramosa	G test, mNGS dynamic monitoring
58	AML	blood, sputum, mid-stream urine	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
70	Other	blood,pleural effusion	EBV	PCR
77	AML	blood,stool	Klebsiella pneumoniae	culture
79	ALL	blood	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
82	AML	blood	CMV	PCR
84	HLH	blood,sputum,pleural effusion	Klebsiella pneumoniae	culture
88	MDS	blood,sputum	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
94	MDS	blood	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	culture
96	AMLL, HSCT	blood, perianal swab	Escherichia coli	culture
98	PNH, HSCT	blood, perianal swab	CMV	PCR
104	MDS, HSCT	blood,stool	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	culture
107	AA, HSCT	blood, perianal swab	EBV, CMV	PCR
113	AA, HSCT	blood, perianal swab	EBV, CMV	PCR
117	MDS, HSCT	blood, perianal swab	Rhizomucor pusillus	G test
118	AA, HSCT	blood	CMV	PCR

AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MM, multiple myeloma; AMLL, acute mixed lineage leukemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; AA, aplastic anemia; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; EBV, Epstein-barr virus; CMV, Human cytomegalovirus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; G test, (1,3)-β-D-glucan test.