TABLE 5.
Functionally characterized genes associated with photoperiod-induced flowering, seed nutritional quality and/or abiotic stress adaptation in adzuki bean, grass pea, horse Gram, lablab bean, rice bean, and tepary bean.
| Gene | Function | References |
|---|---|---|
| Abiotic stress tolerance | ||
| MuMYB96, MuWRKY3, MuNAC4 | Simultaneous expression of MuMYB96, MuWRKY3, and MuNAC4 in peanut improve stress tolerance and productivity of peanuts under drought stress | |
| Asr2, Dreb2B, ERECTA | Dreb2B and ERECTA based SNPs correlated with the environmental drought indices, thereby wild tepary beans are the source of novel alleles for drought tolerance | Buitrago-Bitar et al. (2021) |
| VaERF3 | Overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in higher proline and lower malondialdehyde and ROS under saline-alkaline stress conditions | Li et al. (2020) |
| MuWRKY3 | Overexpression in peanut improves tolerance | Kiranmai et al. (2018) |
| MuHSP70 | Arabidopsis overexpressing MuHSP70 maintains robust physiological traits including biomass and chlorophyll content under multiple stresses | Masand and Yadav (2016) |
| MuNAC4 | Transgenic peanuts containing MuNAC4 enhances drought adaptation | Pandurangaiah et al. (2014) |
| Photoperiod induced flowering | ||
| FD1 | Contains a single gene, VaE1 in adzuki bean; greater VaE1 expression in photoperiod sensitive line under LD than SD; lower VaE1 expression in photoperiod insensitive line, regardless of day length | Imoto et al. (2022) |
| LprPHYA3 | Modulates photoperiod-induced flowering in lablab bean | Krishna et al. (2022) |
| Seed quality | ||
| LpBADH2 | Substitution of tyrosine (fragrant) with phenyl alanine (non-fragrant) in protein coded by LpBADH2 caused the switch from fragrance to non-fragrance in lablab bean | Basangouda et al. (2023) |
| LsOCS | β-ODAP, synthesized from oxalyl-CoA and L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid; oxalyl CoA-synthetase isolated from grass pea; substituting LsOCS with an oxalate oxidase or decarboxylase may reduce β-ODAP content | Goldsmith et al. (2022a) |
| VaSDC1 | Low VaSDC1 expression adzuki bean red-seed coat variety results in lower accumulation of anthocyanin, whereas its overexpression accumulates more anthocyanins in black seed coat adzuki bean variety | Chu et al. (2021) |
| Stem determinacy | ||
| TFL1 | An InDel in TFL1 affect stem determinacy in rice bean | Guan et al. (2022) |
| PvTFL1y | Transition from G to A at the end of the third exon differentiated GNIB 21 (determinate) from GPKH 120 (indeterminate) in lablab bean | Kaldate et al. (2021) |