TABLE 6.

Candidate genes associated with abiotic stress adaptation, photoperiod-induced flowering, pod/seed size and quality traits in African yard long bean, adzuki bean, grass pea, horse Gram, lablab bean, moth bean, rice bean, and winged bean.

Trait group	Crop	Putative candidate gene	References
Abiotic stress	Adzuki bean	VrLEA-2, VrLEA-40, VrLEA-47, and VrLEA-55 significantly upregulated under heat stress conditions in heat-tolerant genotypes	Singh et al. (2022)
		Significantly higher expression (VaPIP2-1, VaPIP2-5) in root or variable expression (VaPIP1-1, VaPIP1-7) in leaf linked with water uptake under drought stress or in osmoregulation to transport substrates rather than water to protect plants from drought	Tayade et al. (2022b)
	Grass pea	LsbHLHD4, LsbHLHD5, LsbHLHR6, LsbHLHD8, LsbHLHR14, LsbHLHR68, and LsbHLHR86 confer tolerance to salt stress	Alsamman et al. (2023)
	Horse Gram	Increased mRNA transcripts of WRKY TF genes in drought stressed plants reduces the adverse effect of drought on plants	Kiranmai et al., 2016
	Lablab bean	Unfolded 17 genes associated with drought stress response, depending on the expression levels peaked after 6-, 8- or 10-day of dehydration	Yao et al. (2013)
	Moth bean	VacoCAT1 associated with drought tolerance	Meena et al. (2022)
		Catalase, cyt P450 monooxygenase, HSP 90 and HSP 70, protein kinases, oxidoreductase, dehydration responsive protein, universal stress protein and ferridoxin NADH oxidoreductase genes upregulated in stressed sample	Tiwari et al. (2018)
Pod/seed size and quality	African yard long bean	VuBGLU12 and VuMYB26b associated with pod fiber contents and pod shattering	Watcharatpong et al. (2020)
	Moth bean	Most of the 12,839 unigenes having differential expression in the late stages of seed development, possibly involved in unique nutritive values of seeds; annotated 74,082 unigenes as TFs	Suranjika et al. (2022)
	Rice bean	Auxin and cytokinin pathways possibly regulate seed weight; 51 genes encoding SCF TIR1/AFB , Aux/IAA, ARFs, E3 ubiquitin transferase enzyme, and 26S proteasome with distinct expression dynamics between small and large-seeded lines	Verma A. et al. (2022)
	Winged bean	Transcriptome sequencing of leaves of two lines differing in condensed tannin (CT) revealed 5210 contigs involved in 229 different pathways; 1,235 contigs differentially expressed between high and low CT lines	Singh et al. (2017)