Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the CEDAR (N = 59) and CALIBREX (N = 102) trials.
| CEDAR |
CALIBREX |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candesartan (n = 31) | Placebo (n = 28) | p-value | Candesartan (n = 55) | Lisinopril (n = 47) | p-value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 66.0 (8.7) | 68.0 (7.9) | 0.369 | 64.5 (7.4) | 66.1 (6.7) | 0.261 |
| Female, n (%) | 12 (38.7) | 7 (25) | 0.397 | 24 (43.6) | 22 (46.8) | 0.903 |
| African American, n (%) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (21.4) | 1 | 35 (63.6) | 29 (61.7) | 1 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 15.8 (3.3) | 15.3 (2.1) | 0.472 | 14.8 (2.7) | 15.6 (2.6) | 0.136 |
| Body mass index | 25.4 (5.4) | 25.9 (5.2) | 0.74 | 31.6 (6.0) | 31.7 (6.7) | 0.91 |
| Blood pressure, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Sitting SBP (mm Hg) | 124.0 (13.0) | 126.2 (14.4) | 0.543 | 140.6 (20.6) | 143.3 (15.2) | 0.465 |
| Sitting DBP (mm Hg) | 68.3 (9.8) | 69.2 (10.3) | 0.724 | 86.0 (12.3) | 85.5 (11.6) | 0.854 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 | 54 (98.2) | 46 (97.9) | 1 |
| Received pre-study antihypertensive drug, n (%) a | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 | 39 (83) | 43 (78.2) | 0.72 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.959 | 17 (30.9) | 16 (34) | 0.841 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 3 (9.7) | 3 (10.7) | 1 | 7 (12.7) | 12 (25.5) | 0.161 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (7.1) | 0.928 | 6 (10.9) | 5 (10.6) | 1 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.959 | 3 (5.5) | 5 (10.6) | 0.548 |
| Depression, n (%) | 6 (19.4) | 10 (35.7) | 0.263 | 14 (25.5) | 11 (23.4) | 0.993 |
| APOE4 positivity, n (%) | 24 (77.4) | 19 (67.9) | 0.595 | 14 (25.5) | 18 (38.3) | 0.25 |
| Cognitive scores, mean (SD) | ||||||
| MoCA | 21.1 (3.7) | 20.9 (2.8) | 0.787 | 21.3 (3.8) | 21.8 (3.5) | 0.473 |
| TMT Part B-A | 99.0 (89.6) | 93.0 (74.6) | 0.782 | 112.1 (81.4) | 89.0 (73.3) | 0.138 |
| HVLT-R delayed recall | 5.1 (4.6) | 6.0 (4.0) | 0.446 | 6.5 (3.4) | 7.1 (3.2) | 0.38 |
| Boston naming test | 13.7 (1.4) | 13.2 (2.2) | 0.302 | 13.0 (2.0) | 13.8 (1.5) | 0.022 |
| Digit span forward | 9.3 (2.3) | 8.4 (2.1) | 0.114 | 8.9 (2.1) | 9.0 (2.0) | 0.676 |
| Digit span backward | 5.8 (2.8) | 5.5 (3.0) | 0.686 | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.4 (2.0) | 0.712 |
CEDAR: Candesartan’s Effects on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Biomarkers; CALIBREX: Candesartan versus Lisinopril Effects on the Brain and Endothelial Function in Executive MCI; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; APOE4: apolipoprotein E; TMT: Trail Making Test; HVLT-R: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised.
a
Of the total participants on candesartan (n = 86), 31 (36%) participants had no prior diagnosis of hypertension nor were taking blood pressure medication before study enrollment.