Table 3.
Hypolipidemic effects of different species of Dendrobium
| Ref | Mechanisms | Results | Dosage mg/kg/day) /Study model |
Active constituents/ type of extract | Species of Dendrobium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo studies | |||||
| (69) | Activation expression of PPAR-α and decrease in expression of p-JNK proteins | Increase fatty acid metabolism ↓ TC ↓ TG ↓LDL-C ↓ FINS ↑ HDL-c |
75, 150, 300 mg/kg, for12 weeks/ In diabetic and high fat diet rats | Polysaccharides | D. officinale |
| (87) | Reduce the levels of hepatic lipids, including TC, TG, TAGs, AST, ALT and FFA | Ameliorate liver lipid metabolism in NAFLD model Reduction in FA synthesis, uptake, and desaturation and promote FA β-oxidation. |
0.6 g/kg per day for 3 weeks/ In a mouse model of progressive NAFLD with the HSHF diet | Polyphenols | D. officinale |
| (88) | Antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects | Anti-hyperlipidemic effect ↓ lipid profile ↓ LDL-C ↓ TC ↓ TG ↓ ALT, AST ↑ HDL-c |
0.25g/kg, 0.5g/kg, or 1g/kg/ In hyperlipidemic rats | Polysaccharides | D. officinale |
| (90) | Inhibition plaque formation by decreasing lipid accumulation | ↓ HCD ↓ TC ↓ TG ↓ MDA ↓ ROS |
In the blood vessels at the atherosclerosis zebrafish | Polysaccharides | D. huoshanense |
| (90) | Antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activity | ↓ LDL-C ↓ VLDL-C ↓ TG, TC ↓ AST, ALT ↑ HDL-c ↑ ADH, ALDH ↑ SOD , GSH-Px |
30 days/ On sub-acute alcohol induced liver injury in mice | Water extract, alcohol-soluble extract, alcohol-insoluble extract and crude extract | D huoshanense |
| (76) | Activation of Acox1 and Cpt1a genes Up regulate The adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL/Pnpla2) Decrease the expression of Srebp1 |
Reduce hyperlipidemia | 10–80 mg/kg, for 8 days/ in HFD mice | Alkaloids | D. nobile Lindl. alkaloids |
| (68) | Lipid-lowering effect | ↓ LDL-C ↓ TC ↓ TG ↑ HDL-c |
25, 50,100 mg/kg for 8 weeks/ in diabetic mice | rich-polyphenols | D. loddigesii |
| (40) | - | Decrease in lipid accumulation, maintains lipid metabolism NLRP3 inflammasome activation |
200 or 400 mg/kg , 6 week/ on HFD diet mice | Active constituents | D. candidum Wall. ex Lindl |
| (74) | Lipid-lowering effect | ↓ LDL-C ↓ VLDL-C ↓ TG ↓ ALT ↑ HDL-c |
17.2 g/kg/day,12 Weeks/ on HFD and highsugar diet rats |
Polysaccharides | D. mixture |
| In vitro studies | |||||
| (58) | elevate the expression levels of GLUT-4 and p-AMPK in the adipose tissue Increase the expression levels of PPAR_ and p-AMPK in the liver tissue |
Lipid-lowering effect Decrease the intracellular accumulation of fat droplets and TG Promote the 2-NBDG uptake |
03, 4.06, 8.12, and 16.25 µg/ml/3T3-L1 cells | - | D. loddigesii l |
| (86) | Increase in free radical scavenging activity factors (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) | Inhibition effect on the FeCl2-induced lipid peroxidation | 0.5, 0.1, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/ml | Polysaccharides | D. huoshanense |
TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FINS: fasting insulin; ALT: alanine amino transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; TAG: Triacylglycerol; FFA: free Fatty Acids; HCD: high-cholesterol diet; ROS: reactive oxygen species; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenase; GLUT-4: glucose transporter 4; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase