Table 5.

Anti-obesity effects of different species of Dendrobium

Ref	Mechanisms	Results	Dosage mg/kg/day) /Study model	Active constituents/	Species of Dendrobium
In vivo studies
(108)	lipid-lowering effect	Lipid-lowering effect in HFD-induced obesity Decrease body weight ↓TC ↓ LDL -c, TG Decrease free fatty acid level and renal lipid accumulations	200 mg/kg, 9 weeks/ High fat diet mice	Methanolic extract	D. moniliforme
(107)	↓TC ↓ LDL -c, TG ↑HDL Up-regulate the expression of PPAR-γ	Decrease in liver lipid accumulation Improve obesity-associated abnormal lipid metabolism and insulin resistance	150 mg/kg, 12 weeks/ on obesity-induced HFD mice	Polysaccharide	D. officinale
(109)	-	Reduction in the carbohydrate energy, amino acid metabolism of intestinal mucosal flora, food intake and the bodyweight gain lipid lowering effect	2.37 g·kg−1, 40 days/High fat diet rats·	Not mentioned	D. officinale
(76)	Improve in fat tissue hypertrophy and excessive fatty deposition in the liver	Decrease in food consumption and body weight	500 mg/kg,8 weeks/ High fat diet mice·	Polysaccharide	D.tin caulis
(68)	-	Decrease body weight, improve the fatty liver ↓TC ↓ LDL -c, TG ↑HDL-C, antioxidant status	100 mg/kg , 8 weeks/Male obese diabetic mice	polyphenols	D. loddigesii
In vitro studies
(107)	Up-regulate the expression of PPAR-γ in adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes	Promote the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myocytes, while the glucose output of hepatocytes decreased.	200 μg/ml for 48h/3T3-L1 adipocytes, C2CL2 myocytes, and hepatocytes	Polysaccharide	D. Officinale

HFD: high fat diet; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; NO: nitric oxide; PGI2: prostacyclin