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Schematic representation of an epithelial tumor. (A) When neoplasia is first initiated, fibroblasts are recruited to the tumor site and activated. (B) As the tumor grows, inflammatory cells are recruited to the tumor and release cytokines. VEGF and other signaling molecules induce neovascularization. (C) The abnormal extracellular matrix is pro-tumorigenic, pro-angiogenic and increases the invasiveness of the tumor. Created with BioRender.com.
