Table 2.
Association between different amount and types of leisure physical activity and cross-sectional (2016 survey, n = 8,171) and prospective (2019 survey, n = 7,057) injurious falls in the 1946–51 born women of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
| Cross-sectional analysisa | Prospective analysisb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People who had non-injurious fallsc n = 6,994 |
People who had injurious falls n = 1,177 |
Odds of injurious falls OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted odds of injurious falls (95% CI)d | People who had non-injurious fallsc n = 6,048 |
People who had injurious falls n = 1,009 |
Odds of injurious falls (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds of injurious falls (95% CI)d |
|
| A) Duration of total leisure physical (LPA) activity in the past week, n (%) | ||||||||
| No physical activity | 1,161 (17) | 281 (24) | Ref. | Ref. | 929 (15) | 189 (19) | Ref. | Ref |
| 1 to <150 min | 1,278 (18) | 233 (20) | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97) | 1,190 (20) | 196 (19) | 0.88 (0.70–1.09) | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) |
| 150 to <300 min | 1,394 (17) | 227 (19) | 0.67 (0.56–0.82) | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | 1,261 (21) | 181 (18) | 0.71 (0.57–0.88) | 0.75 (0.60–0.94) |
| ≥ 300 min | 3,161 (45) | 436 (37) | 0.57 (0.48–0.67) | 0.63 (0.53–0.75) | 2,758 (46) | 443 (44) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | 0.84 (0.70–1.02) |
| B) Any leisure physical activity participation, n (%) | ||||||||
| None reported | 1,161 (17) | 281 (24) | Ref. | Ref. | 929 (15) | 189 (19) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some reported | 5,833 (83) | 896 (76) | 0.64 (0.55–0.74) | 0.70 (0.60–0.81) | 5,119 (85) | 820 (81) | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 0.83 (0.70–1.00) |
| C) Physical activity that included walking briskly, n (%) | ||||||||
| No brisk walking reported | 1,460 (21) | 321 (27) | Ref. | Ref. | 1,208 (20) | 229 (23) | Ref. | Ref |
| Some brisk walking reported | 5,534 (79) | 856 (73) | 0.70 (0.61–0.81) | 0.77 (0.67–0.89) | 4,840 (80) | 780 (77) | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) |
| D) Physical activity that included moderate leisure activity, n (%) | ||||||||
| No moderate activity reported | 3,911 (56) | 708 (60) | Ref. | Ref. | 3,319 (55) | 559 (55) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some moderate activity reported | 3,083 (44) | 469 (40) | 0.84 (0.74–0.95) | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) | 2,729 (45) | 450 (45) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) |
| E) Physical activity that included vigorous leisure activity, n (%) | ||||||||
| No vigorous activity reported | 4,999 (71) | 886 (75) | Ref. | Ref. | 4,276 (71) | 741 (73) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some vigorous activity reported | 1995 (29) | 291 (25) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.86 (0.75–1.00) | 1,772 (29) | 268 (27) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) |
| F) Physical activity that included moderate-vigorous leisure activity, n (%) | ||||||||
| No moderate-vigorous activity reported | 5,535 (79) | 960 (82) | Ref. | Ref. | 4,745 (78) | 804 (80) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Some moderate-vigorous activity reported | 1,459 (21) | 217 (18) | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 1,303 (22) | 205 (20) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) |
| G) Physical activity that included strength or toning activity d , n (%) | ||||||||
| No strength or toning reported (n = 5,196) | 4,399 (63) | 797 (72) | Ref. | Ref. | N/A | |||
| Some strength or toning reported (n = 2,344) | 2,033 (29) | 311 (28) | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 0.87 (0.75–1.00) | ||||
Association between leisure physical activity and injurious falls were calculated using logistic regression and presented in odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
N/A = not applicable
Leisure physical activity was used as exposure and injurious falls was used as an outcome.
aCross-sectional analyses refer to the use of exposure and outcome in 2016 survey (when aged 65–70 years).
bProspective analyses refer to the use of exposure in 2016 survey and outcome in 2019 survey (when aged 68–73 years).
cWomen who did not have any fall or women who had falls and without injuries.
dTo understand the relationship of all types of LPA and injurious falls, the cross-sectional analysis of strength or toning activity (such as lifting weights, pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, yoga, pilates) and injurious falls was performed using 2019 survey (when aged 68–74 years) as the strength or toning activity was first included in 2019.
eAdjusted for age, Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA+), housing arrangement, education and ability to manage income.