TABLE 2.
Association Between PCE Score and Adult Self-Reported Health and Physical and Psychiatric Condition, Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval)
| Outcome | Model Specification for Childhood Experiences | PCEs, aRR (95% CI) | ACEs, aRR (95% CI) | Model Specification for Childhood Experiences | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5–6 PCEs | 3–4 PCEs | 0–2 PCEs (Ref) | 0 ACEs (Ref) | 1–2 ACEs | 3+ ACEs | |||
| Fair or poor health | PCEs only | 0.65*** | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.40*** | 1.74*** | ACEs only |
| (0.55–0.76) | (0.72–1.02) | (1.14–1.67) | (1.39–2.09) | |||||
| ACEs + PCEs | 0.75* | 0.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.34*** | 1.69*** | ACEs + PCEs | |
| (0.58–0.93) | (0.71–1.16) | (1.06–1.61) | (1.29–2.08) | |||||
| Any psychiatric or physical condition | PCEs only | 0.90*** | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.12*** | 1.25*** | ACEs only |
| (0.86–0.95) | (0.90–1.01) | (1.06–1.17) | (1.18–1.32) | |||||
| ACEs + PCEs | 0.92* | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.08*** | 1.21*** | ACEs + PCEs | |
| (0.86–0.99) | (0.87–1.00) | (1.03–1.14) | (1.14–1.29) | |||||
| Any psychiatric condition | PCEs only | 0.57*** | 0.78** | 1.00 | — | 1.63*** | 2.38*** | ACEs only |
| (0.47–0.66) | (0.65–0.91) | (1.33–1.94) | (1.91–2.85) | |||||
| ACEs + PCEs | 0.74** | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.50*** | 1.90*** | ACEs + PCEs | |
| (0.59–0.89) | (0.71–1.08) | (1.12–1.81) | (1.48–2.31) | |||||
| Any physical condition | PCEs only | 0.94* | 0.99 | 1.00 | — | 1.10*** | 1.22*** | ACEs only |
| (0.88–0.99) | (0.9–1.05) | (1.04–1.16) | (1.15–1.29) | |||||
| ACEs + PCEs | 0.93 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.07* | 1.21*** | ACEs + PCEs | |
| (0.87–1.00) | (0.89–1.03) | (1.00–1.13) | (1.13–1.29) | |||||
Results from main analytic model shown are relative risks, with 95% confidence intervals, from postestimation using inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment (Stata tefffects inverse probability-weighted regression-adjusted models, pomean; postestimation using nonlinear combinations of estimators). Covariates in the treatment model included continuous age, sex, a 5-category race/ethnicity measure, educational attainment, health insurance, and income as measured by percentage of federal poverty level. Survey weights were included in both the treatment and outcome model to accommodate the PSID’s complex survey design. Statistical significance at the 5% level is indicated:
P < .05;
P < .01;
P < .001. Ref, reference group.