Table 1.
Summary of the Pharmacokinetics Characteristics of Metformin
| Pharmacokinetics Parameters | Values |
|---|---|
| Absolute bioavailability | 50–60% in healthy individuals |
| Time to reach Cmax (Tmax) | 2.5 hours |
| Kinetics of metformin absorption | Non-linear |
| At scheduled and recommended doses time to reach steady state plasma concentration | 24–48 hours |
| Steady state plasma concentration | Less than 1μg/mL |
| Mean volume of distribution (Vd) | Ranged between 63–276 L |
| Selective distribution | Red blood cells most likely represent a secondary compartment of distribution |
| Excretion | Unchanged in urine |
| Renal clearance | >400mL/min (indicating glomerular filtration and tubular secretion |
| Apparent terminal elimination half-life | Approximately 6.5 hours |