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[Preprint]. 2023 Jun 4:2023.06.02.542661. [Version 1] doi: 10.1101/2023.06.02.542661

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A: Dot and box plots illustrating the distribution of circulating GDF15 levels in women of ~15 weeks’ gestation with a history of vomiting in pregnancy vs those reporting no nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. P-value is from an unadjusted linear regression model using natural-log transformed GDF15 concentrations. B: Dot and box plots illustrating the distribution of GDF15 levels (Mean gestational age ~ 10 weeks) in women presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and those with low levels of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. P-value is from an unadjusted linear regression model using natural-log transformed GDF15 concentrations. C: Scatter plot illustrating the relationship between gestational age and GDF15 in the first trimester. The trend lines show predicted values of GDF15 levels (+/− 95% CI) in women with and without HG from a linear regression model of natural-log transformed GDF15 with gestational age and HG status included as predictor variables. The P-values are derived from the same regression model for the effect of HG (HG vs Con) and gestational age (Gest. Age). 5 participants (HG = 1, Control = 4) included in the analysis in panel (B) are not plotted or included in this model as they were recruited after the first trimester.