Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included study cohort, stratified by culture status.
| Characteristic | Overall, N = 707 | Negative, N = 5871 | Positive, N = 891 | (Missing), N = 311 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | 32 (27, 39) | 32 (26, 39) | 35 (29, 43) | 33 (26, 39) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 407 (58%) | 356 (61%) | 35 (39%) | 16 (52%) |
| Male | 299 (42%) | 230 (39%) | 54 (61%) | 15 (48%) |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Previous TB | 98 (14%) | 82 (14%) | 13 (15%) | 3 (9.7%) |
| CD4 (cells/mm3) | 306 (184, 486) | 333 (206, 511) | 204 (66, 314) | 262 (81, 478) |
| Missing | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| CD4 <200 cells/mm3 | 193 (27%) | 139 (24%) | 42 (48%) | 12 (40%) |
| Missing | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.70 (11.30, 13.90) | 12.95 (11.50, 14.10) | 11.35 (9.80, 12.57) | 12.60 (11.55, 13.75) |
| Missing | 150 | 127 | 19 | 4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24 (21, 29) | 25 (21, 30) | 21 (19, 23) | 24 (22, 27) |
| Missing | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle upper arm circumference (cm) | 27.0 (25.0, 30.0) | 28.0 (25.0, 31.0) | 25.0 (23.0, 27.0) | 27.0 (25.0, 29.2) |
| WHO 4-symptom screen positive | 406 (57%) | 311 (53%) | 70 (79%) | 25 (81%) |
| TBscoreII | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) |
| Missing | 36 | 26 | 9 | 1 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 6 (2, 32) | 5 (2, 19) | 71 (11, 146) | 10 (3, 52) |
| Number of valid sputum cultures | ||||
| 0 | 31 (4.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (100%) |
| 1 | 43 (6.1%) | 39 (6.6%) | 4 (4.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| 2 | 633 (90%) | 548 (93%) | 85 (96%) | 0 (0%) |
| Sputum smear | 21 (3.0%) | 7 (1.2%) | 13 (15%) | 1 (5.6%) |
| Missing | 13 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| Sputum Ultra | ||||
| Negative | 616 (88%) | 572 (98%) | 23 (26%) | 21 (88%) |
| Trace | 18 (2.6%) | 10 (1.7%) | 6 (6.7%) | 2 (8.3%) |
| Positive | 65 (9.3%) | 4 (0.7%) | 60 (67%) | 1 (4.2%) |
| Missing | 8 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| Urine LAM | 18 (2.6%) | 6 (1.0%) | 10 (11%) | 2 (6.5%) |
| Missing | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Urine Ultra | 37 (5.3%) | 11 (1.9%) | 24 (27%) | 2 (6.5%) |
| Missing | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| Sputum culture or Ultra positive | 94 (13%) | 4 (0.7%) | 89 (100%) | 1 (4.5%) |
| Missing | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Any positive TB test | 112 (16%) | 21 (3.6%) | 89 (100%) | 2 (8.7%) |
| Missing | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Recorded TB diagnosis or treatment within 6 months | 130 (18%) | 37 (6.3%) | 85 (96%) | 8 (26%) |
| TB site | ||||
| Extra Pulmonary TB | 11 (10%) | 9 (29%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (14%) |
| Pulmonary TB | 96 (90%) | 22 (71%) | 68 (99%) | 6 (86%) |
| Missing | 600 | 556 | 20 | 24 |
1
Statistics presented: median (IQR); n (%)