TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Patients With Loculated Nondraining IPCs
| n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total | No Intervention | tPA | tPA-DNase | Procedural Intervention |
| N | 81 | 7 | 24 | 46 | 4 |
| Age at first IPC insertion (mean±SD) (y) | 65±13 | 71±9 | 61±12 | 66±14 | 57±8 |
| Female | 50 (62) | 3 (43) | 14 (58) | 30 (65) | 3 (75) |
| 30+ pack-year smoking history | 29 (36) | 1 (14) | 9 (38) | 17 (37) | 2 (50) |
| Malignancy diagnosis | |||||
| Lung malignancy | 41 (51) | 3 (43) | 14 (58) | 23 (50) | 1 (25) |
| Breast malignancy | 22 (27) | 2 (29) | 7 (29) | 11 (24) | 2 (50) |
| Gastrointestinal malignancies | 4 (5) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Gynecologic/peritoneal malignancies | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Renal/urothelial malignancies | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 2 (4) | 1 (25) |
| Other* | 6 (7) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 5 (11) | 0 (0) |
| Right-sided effusion | 35 (43) | 5 (71) | 12 (50) | 17 (37) | 1 (25) |
| Positive pleural cytology/biopsy† | 55 (77) | 4 (57) | 15 (83) | 32 (76) | 4 (100) |
| IPC placed percutaneously‡ | 77 (95) | 6 (86) | 22 (92) | 46 (100) | 3 (75) |
| Treatment received during IPC | |||||
| Chemotherapy | 24 (30) | 2 (29) | 10 (42) | 11 (24) | 1 (25) |
| Immunotherapy | 10 (12) | 1 (14) | 5 (21) | 3 (7) | 1 (25) |
| Targeted therapy | 17 (21) | 2 (29) | 5 (21) | 9 (20) | 1 (25) |
| Hormonal therapy | 6 (7) | 2 (29) | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Chest radiation | 10 (12) | 0 (0) | 3 (13) | 6 (13) | 1 (25) |
| Complications | |||||
| Any complication | 14 (17) | 0 (0) | 4 (17) | 10 (22) | 0 (0) |
| Hemorrhage requiring transfusion | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2)) | 0 (0) |
| Pleural infection | 7 (9) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 5 (11) | 1 (25) |
| Skin/soft tissue infection | 10 (12) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 7 (15) | 1 (25) |
| Catheter tract metastasis | 3 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 0 (0) |
| IPC-related ER visit/hospitalization | 6 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 4 (9) | 0 (0) |
| IPC-related death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| IPC final outcome | |||||
| Removed for autopleurodesis | 19 (23) | 0 (0) | 10 (42) | 8 (17) | 1 (25) |
| Removed for nondraining loculations | 25 (31) | 5 (71) | 3 (13) | 15 (33) | 2 (50) |
| Removed for other reasons§ | 10 (12) | 1 (14) | 5 (21) | 4 (9) | 0 (0) |
| Dead with IPC in situ | 27 (33) | 1 (14) | 6 (25) | 19 (41) | 1 (25) |
| Mortality | 68 (84) | 6 (86) | 19 (79) | 40 (87) | 3 (75) |
*
Other malignancies included mesothelioma (n=3), sarcoma (n=2), and hematologic malignancy (n=1).
†
Available for n=71.
‡
IPCs were placed either percutaneously (noninvasively at bedside) or via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
§
Other reasons included no symptom benefit, malfunction or migration, complications, other.
ER indicates emergency room; IPC, indwelling pleural catheter.