Table 3. Adjusted relative ratios (aRR) for factors associated with higher* cancer prevention behavior change score post the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 6,136).
| Factor | More Physical Activity | More Fruit & Vegetable Intake | Less Alcohol Consumption | Less Tobacco Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aRR (95% CI) | aRR (95% CI) | aRR (95% CI) | aRR (95% CI) | |
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–34 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 35–49 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| 50–64 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 1.23 (1.16–1.30) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) |
| 65+ | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | 1.16 (1.11–1.20) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 1.05 (1.03–1.08) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) |
| Race Ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) |
| Hispanic | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) |
| Other† | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.14 (1.08–1.19) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single, Never Married | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Married/Living as Married | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) |
| Widowed, Separated or Divorced | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Health Insurance | ||||
| Public & Private Insurance | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| None | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
| Public Insurance | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) |
| Private Insurance | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) |
| State | ||||
| Ohio | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Indiana | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Region of Residence | ||||
| Metro | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
| Socioeconomic Status ‡ | ||||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Middle | 0.89 (0.85–0.92) | 0.92 (0.89–0.94) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) |
| Low | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 1.16 (1.13–1.19) | 0.95 (0.93–0.96) |
* Passion regression with robust error variance with each 6-point cancer prevention behavior change score as outcome adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, marital status, state, region of residence, health insurance, and socioeconomic status. A higher score indicates better change in cancer prevention behavior post the COVID-19 pandemic
† Including participants who self-identified with more than one racial group
‡ Included measures for education, household income, and occupational status; RR = Relative Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval