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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: Biometrics. 2021 Dec 14;79(1):39–48. doi: 10.1111/biom.13601

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Exploratory plots for the clinical study. Panel (a): Histograms of PSA for cases and controls with density curves overlaid. Panel (b): Scatterplot of PSA versus age, cases only. The red solid line is fitted by loess and the p-value is obtained from testing zero Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Panel (c): Boxplot of PSA of African American population and non-African American group, cases only. This figure appears in color in the electronic version of this article, and any mention of color refers to that version