Fig. 1.

Power simulations demonstrating the relationship between PC tests and variance component tests. Set $K=10$, and consider the exchangeable correlation structure with a varying correlation coefficient $\rho$. For each ${\beta }^{\left(S\right)}$ (and ${\beta }^{\left(P\right)}$) and each $\rho$, 10⁵ simulations are used to estimate the power of each method empirically.