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. 2022 Feb 4;38(3):daac008. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daac008

Table 5:

Effects of the intervention(s) on the outcome measures

Outcome measures Experi- mental group Internal consistency
 N Scores at the four measuring moments
 Effectivity
α
T0 		α
T1 		α
T2 		α
T3 		T0
M (SD) 		T1
M (SD) 		T2
M (SD) 		T3
M (SD) 		df F p a Effect size b Short- term effect Long- term effect
Primary outcome
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.91 39 3.25 (0.45) 3.53 (0.38) 3.52 (0.43) 3.56 (0.39) 2.88, 164 3.73 0.01* 0.06 0.01* <0.01**
 Total WLG 20 3.29 (0.27) 3.37 (0.34) 3.34 (0.27) 3.36 (0.36)
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.80 39 3.16 (0.68) 3.40 (0.63) 3.41 (0.64) 3.47 (0.60) 2.77, 158 2.42 0.04* 0.04 0.03* 0.02*
 Observing WLG 20 3.40 (0.47) 3.37 (0.57) 3.34 (0.53) 3.44 (0.42)
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.94 39 3.53 (0.66) 3.76 (0.57) 3.70 (0.59) 3.70 (0.66) 2.79, 159 0.49 0.34 0.01 0.14 0.25
 Describing WLG 20 3.46 (0.61) 3.54 (0.72) 3.51 (0.64) 3.53 (0.80)
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.86 0.83 0.85 0.89 39 3.11 (0.68) 3.40 (0.49) 3.33 (0.61) 3.39 (0.52) 2.93, 167 0.41 0.37 <0.01 0.27 0.16
 Acting awareness WLG 20 3.14 (0.64) 3.33 (0.61) 3.29 (0.66) 3.26 (0.73)
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.85 39 3.44 (0.69) 3.74 (0.69) 3.88 (0.62) 3.87 (0.59) 2.94, 168 1.72 0.08 0.03 0.15 0.04*
 Non-judging WLG 20 3.26 (0.40) 3.40 (0.61) 3.40 (0.50) 3.39 (0.60)
 FFMQ-NL IG 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.78 39 2.99 (0.64) 3.30 (0.52) 3.28 (0.58) 3.37 (0.51) 2.97, 169 2.87 0.02* 0.05 0.03* <0.01**
 Non-reactivity WLG 20 3.17 (0.44) 3.18 (0.44) 3.15 (0.47) 3.16 (0.48)
Secondary mental health outcome
 UBOS-L IG 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.90 38 2.23 (1.06) 2.15 (1.10) 1.92 (1.18) 1.79 (1.09) 2.76, 155 1.00 0.20 0.02 0.10 0.09
 UBOS-L IG 0.62 0.72 0.76 0.72 38 1.06 (0.69) 0.92 (0.67) 0.95 (0.73) 0.93 (0.75) 3.00, 168 0.45 0.36 <0.01 0.13 0.43
 Mental distance WLG 20 1.14 (0.73) 1.16 (0.78) 1.05 (0.68) 1.04 (0.70)
 UBOS-L IG 0.78 0.77 0.79 0.78 38 4.26 (0.89) 4.33 (0.76) 4.30 (0.72) 4.34 (0.71) 2.83, 158 0.52 0.33 0.01 0.21 0.46
 Personal accomplishment WLG 20 4.42 (0.62) 4.34 (0.60) 4.29 (0.76) 4.47 (0.55)
 DASS IG 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 38 0.61 (0.56) 0.58 (0.55) 0.62 (0.65) 0.60 (0.60) 2.95, 165 0.33 0.40 0.01 0.31 0.24
 Stress WLG 20 00.83 (0.48) 0.71 (0.47) 0.69 (0.37) 0.70 (0.44)
 VBBA IG 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.91 41 0.35 (0.25) 0.29 (0.27) 0.31 (0.32) 0.28 (0.29) 2.90, 174 1.28 0.14 0.02 0.19 0.03*
 Sleep quality complaints WLG 21 0.34 (0.29) 0.34 (0.31) 0.36 (033) 0.40 (0.33)
 JAWS IG 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.88 38 3.83 (0.64) 3.84 (0.64) 3.76 (0.75) 3.82 (0.70) 2.98, 167 0.85 0.23 0.02 0.20 0.23
 Positive emotions WLG 20 3.89 (0.63) 3.76 (0.65) 3.81 (0.74) 4.02 (0.71)
 JAWS IG 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.87 38 2.18 (0.64) 2.16 (0.63) 2.01 (0.64) 2.00 (0.73) 2.77, 155 2.33 0.04* 0.40 0.18 0.02*
 Negative emotions WLG 20 2.08 (0.44) 2.22 (0.65) 2.13 (0.55) 2.38 (0.80)
 UWES IG 0.79 0.81 0.89 0.88 37 4.03 (1.06) 4.05 (1.13) 3.97 (1.18) 4.06 (1.19) 3.00, 165 0.10 0.47 <0.01 0.32 0.39
 Vigour WLG 20 4.47 (0.99) 4.38 (1.07) 4.28 (1.09) 4.43 (1.00)
 UWES IG 0.90 0.90 0.93 0.88 37 4.39 (1.03) 4.47 (1.29) 4.25 (1.33) 4.51 (1.16) 2.85, 157 0.99 0.20 0.02 0.04* 0.11
 Dedication WLG 20 4.87 (0.99) 4.60 (0.92) 4.67 (1.02) 4.65 (0.96)
 UWES IG 0.77 0.79 0.83 0.82 37 3.80 (1.09) 3.94 (1.22) 3.87 (1.28) 4.00 (91.16) 3.00, 165 0.41 0.37 0.01 0.33 0.33
 Absorption WLG 20 4.43 (1.10) 4.35 (0.99) 4.27 (0.86) 4.42 (1.09)
 SF-36-v2 IG 0.71 0.68 0.74 0.72 38 3.65 (0.55) 3.76 (0.60) 3.62 (0.65) 3.63 (0.65) 3.00, 168 1.01 0.19 0.02 0.21 0.37
 Perceived general health WLG 20 3.75 (0.54) 3.76 (0.48) 3.85 (0.50) 3.77 (0.50)
 Emotional exhaustion WLG 20 2.14 (0.88) 2.36 (0.99) 2.11 (1.16) 2.11 (1.19)
 ACS IG 0.81 0.87 0.87 0.88 41 3.71 (0.84) 3.58 (0.90) 3.58 (0.92) 3.62 (0.95) 2.95, 177 2.41 0.04* 0.04 0.04* 0.01*
 Organizational commitment WLG 21 3.51 (0.77) 3.64 (0.85) 3.73 (0.84) 3.77 (0.86)
Work performance
 IWPQ task performance IG WLG 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.81 37
20

  • 2.15 (0.71)

  • 2.38 (0.61)

  • 2.21 (0.68)

  • 2.37 (0.81)

  • 2.27 (0.70)

  • 2.38 (0.66)

  • 2.27 (0.73)

  • 2.44 (0.74)

 2.91, 160 0.13 .47 <0.01 0.34 0.39
 IWPQ IG 0.87 0.87 0.90 0.90 37 2.29 (0.87) 2.40 (0.76) 2.16 (0.89) 2.36 (0.91) 2.94, 162 0.09 0.48 <0.01 0.46 0.36
 Contextual performance WLG 26 2.47 (0.72) 2.56 (0.65) 2.38 (0.66) 2.61 (0.58)
 IWPQ IG 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.77 37 1.62 (0.56) 1.38 (0.64) 1.28 (0.71) 1.41 (0.60) 3.00, 165 0.73 0.27 0.01 0.22 0.39
 Counter-productive work behaviour WLG 20 1.60 (0.65) 1.48 (0.58) 1.50 (0.51) 1.44 (0.53)
Personal competencies
 IWPQ IG 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.87 38 4.61 (0.53) 4.77 (0.54) 4.73 (0.67) 4.80 (0.64) 3.00, 168 0.23 0.44 <0.01 0.31 0.22
 Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale WLG 20 4.68 (0.58) 4.78 (0.44) 4.77 (0.51) 4.76 (0.55)
 VBBA IG 0.80 0.84 0.77 0.83 38 1.40 (0.61) 1.28 (0.56) 1.21 (0.56) 1.15 (0.56) 2.71, 152 0.63 0.29 0.01 0.37 0.15
 Taking distance WLG 20 1.43 (0.58) 1.35 (0.64) 1.28 (0.52) 1.35 (0.41)
Work-related perceptions/job demands
 VBBA IG 0.82 0.85 0.83 0.88 41 1.28 (0.50) 1.38 (0.50) 1.31 (0.56) 1.20 (0.49) 2.90, 174 0.62 0.30 0.01 0.30 0.10
 Work pace and workload WLG 21 1.27 (0.35) 1.43 (0.52) 1.35 (0.46) 1.34 (0.52)
 VBBA IG .64 .67 0.76 0.77 40 1.24 (0.38) 1.18 (0.40) 1.10 (0.44) 1.14 (0.41) 2.80, 165 2.37 0.04* 0.04 0.23 0.11
 Emotional demands WLG 21 1.19 (0.20) 1.18 (0.33) 1.25 (0.28) 1.20 (0.29)
 SWING IG 0.86 0.86 0.89 0.90 36 1.01 (0.55) 0.98 (0.59) 0.79 (0.56) 0.79 (0.50) 2.95, 162 1.94 0.06 0.03 0.13 0.03*
 Negative work-home interactionc WLG 21 0.87 (0.38) 0.99 (0.42) 0.91 (0.47) 0.89 (0.42)
 SWING negative home-work interaction IG WLG 0.84 0.81 0.77 0.76 36 21

  • 0.47 (0.71)

  • 0.43 (0.38)

  • 0.28 (0.38)

  • 0.35 (0.40)

  • 0.29 (0.37)

  • 0.26 (0.32)

  • 0.28 (0.37)

  • 0.31 (0.34)

 2.03, 112 0.23d 0.40 <0.01 0.28 0.35
Work-related perceptions/job resources
 VBBA IG 0.80 0.80 0.83 0.86 41 1.20 (0.62) 1.24 (0.58) 1.28 (0.56) 1.29 (0.59) 2.97, 178 0.44 0.36 0.01 0.19 0.45
 Autonomy WLG 21 1.19 (0.47) 1.31 (0.41) 1.24 (0.48) 1.26 (0.46)
 VBBA IG 0.74 0.73 0.77 0.85 41 1.48 (0.54) 1.48 (0.63) 1.46 (0.57) 1.48 (0.64) 2.86, 172 0.77 0.25 0.01 0.18 0.06
 Feedbackc WLG 21 1.23 (0.43) 1.35 (0.40) 1.35 (0.40) 1.44 (0.58)
 VBBA IG 0.77 0.79 0.78 0.82 41 0.69 (0.44) 0.73 (0.45) 0.74 (0.45) 0.69 (0.45) 3.00, 177 0.42 0.37 0.01 0.43 0.17
 Relation colleagues WLG 21 0.64 (0.35) 0.70 (0.42) 0.69 (0.33) 0.72 (0.34)
 VBBA IG 0.86 0.84 0.87 0.92 41 0.71 (0.49) 0.83 (0.58) 0.82 (0.54) 0.75 (0.55) 2.78, 167 0.44 0.35 0.01 .16 .44
 Relation superior WLG 21 0.52 (0.45) 0.52 (0.43) 0.62 (0.56) 0.54 (0.47)
 VBBA IG 0.66 0.65 0.70 0.72 41 0.82 (0.34) 0.82 (0.31) 0.80 (0.39) 0.77 (0.33) 3.00, 180 0.41 0.37 0.01 0.31 0.28
 Relation students WLG 21 0.96 (0.09) 0.93 (0.14) 0.94 (0.21) 0.95 (0.22)

Outcome measures: FFMQ-NL total: Dutch version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; FFMQ-NL observing, FFMQ-NL describing, FFMQ-NL acting awareness, FFMQ-NL non-judging, FFMQ-NL non-reactivity: subscales of the Dutch version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; UBOS-L emotional exhaustion, UBOS-L mental distance, UBOS-L personal accomplishment: subscales of Utrechtse BurnOut Schaal-Leerkrachten (Utrecht Burnout Scale—Education); DASS stress: subscale stress of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales; JAWS positive emotions: Job-related Affective Well-being Scale, subscale positive emotions; JAWS negative emotions: Job-related Affective Well-being Scale, subscale negative emotions; UWES vigour, UWES dedication, UWES absorption: subscales of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Dutch; UBES); SF-36v2, perceived general health: Short Form 36 Health Survey, version 2; ACS: Affective Commitment Scale, subscale of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ); IWPQ task performance, IWPQ contextual performance, IWPQ counter-productive work behaviour: subscales of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire; Occupational Self-Efficacy scale; SWING negative work-home interaction, SWING negative home-work interaction: subscales of the Survey Work-home Interaction-NijmeGen; VBBA subscales: subscales of the Vragenlijst Beleving en Beoordeling van de Arbeid 2.0 (Perception and Assessment of Labour 2.0). IG Intervention Group received an MBSR training (combined with an additional organizational health intervention).

α Cronbach’s alpha.

a

p is one tailed;

*

p < 0.05;

**

p < 0.01.

b

Effect size is reported as partial eta squared: small (η = 0.04), medium (η = 0.25) and large (η = 0.64) effect sizes.

Short-term effect: p between T0 and T1; Long-term effect: p between T0 and T3.

c

Significant difference on T0 between IG and WLG.

d

Huynh-Feldt’s F is reported because Greenhouse-Geisser correction is in almost all cases >0.75; except 2: Greenhouse-Geisser.