Table 3.

Research showing the effect of different drugs on FKBP5.

Type of study	Treatment	Participants	Observations	References
In vitro	Citalopram hydrobromide with dexamethasone	Human neuroblastoma cell line	Increased in the FKBP5 mRNA expression	Verjee et al. (169)
Cohort	Citalopram	387 patients with major depressive episodes	Interaction effects between FKBP5 with remission of depressive episodes were found	Horstmann et al. (135)
Randomized controlled trial	Citalopram	1,523 patients with non-psychotic depression	Association between citalopram and FKBP5 expression found	Lekman et al. (133)
Clinical trial	Paroxetine	131 patients suffered from moderate to severe depression	An increase in suicidal ideation within rs1360780 of FKBP5	Perroud et al. (170)
	Venlafaxine
Cross-sectional	Clozapine	591 cases of schizophrenia	Association between poor response to clozapine and the FKBP5-rs1360780 polymorphism	Mitjans et al. (171)
In silico	Enzalutamide	Prostate cancer cell line	The downregulation of FKBP5 can cause enzalutamide resistance	Zheng et al. (172)
In vivo	Icariin	50 rats	Icariin can cause the downregulation of the FKBP5 in the hippocampus but not in the prefrontal cortex	Wei et al. (173)
Trial	Prednisolone/liposomal encapsulated prednisolone	Male recipients are injected daily with 5 mg/kg cyclosporine and either 10 mg/kg prednisolone	The FKBP5 upregulation in liposomal-encapsulated prednisolone receptors than prednisolone or no additional treatment group	van Alem et al. (174)
In vivo	Dexamethasone	108 mice under stress	Alteration in FKBP5-mediated glucocorticoid sensitivity	Sawamura et al. (175)
Case-control	Dexamethasone	89 MDD cases vs. 126 control group	Correlation between FKBP5 rs9470079-A and a reduced cortisol suppression response to very low dose of dexamethasone	Ferrer et al. (152)
In vivo	Dexamethasone	100 rats under unpredictable and stressful situations	Increase FKBP5 level	Xu et al. (176)
In vitro	Dexamethasone	Human ovary cells	Significant mRNA increase compared with the control, confirming that the GC receptor was functional and available in human fetal ovaries	Poulain et al. (177)
In vitro	Dexamethasone	50 patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)	FKPB5 expression was induced by dexamethasone	Baptista et al. (178)
In vitro	Dexamethasone	Human trabecular meshwork cells	Demethylated the cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites within FKBP5 gene promotor region	Matsudaet al. (179)
Case-control	Chlorpromazine	40 cases with first-episode psychosis, 45 cases with schizophrenia (n = 85) vs. 56 controls	A decrease in methylation of FKBP5, or indeed a higher expression of FKBP5	Misiak et al. (180)
Cohort	Chlorpromazine	55 cases of schizophrenia and 34 cases of bipolar disorder	An increase in FKBP5 expression	Sinclair et al. (181)