Table 1.
Patient characteristics and IVIM parameters of treatment failure and local control groups
| Characteristic | Treatment failure group (n = 31) | Local control group (n = 14) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.10 ± 9.92 | 57.43 ± 8.80 | 0.915 | |
| Tumor site | Hypopharynx | 26 (83.90%) | 10 (71.40%) | 0.334 |
| Larynx | 5 (16.10%) | 4 (28.60%) | ||
| Smoking index* | 676.61 ± 484.70 | 583.21 ± 268.37 | 0.496 | |
| T stage | 1 | 2 (6.45%) | 2 (14.29%) | 0.307 |
| 2 | 6 (19.35%) | 3 (21.43%) | ||
| 3 | 7 (22.58%) | 4 (28.57%) | ||
| 4 | 16 (51.61%) | 5 (35.71%) | ||
| N stage | 0 | 4 (12.90%) | 6 (42.86%) | 0.012 |
| 1 | 3 (9.68%) | 3 (21.43%) | ||
| 2 | 19 (61.29%) | 4 (28.57%) | ||
| 3 | 5 (16.13%) | 1 (7.14%) | ||
| UICC stage | I | 1 (3.23%) | 1 (7.14%) | 0.239 |
| III | 3 (9.68%) | 4 (28.57%) | ||
| IVA | 16 (51.61%) | 5 (35.71%) | ||
| IVB | 11 (35.48%) | 4 (28.57%) | ||
| PFS | 13.97 ± 12.31 | 60.00 ± 0.00 | 0.000 | |
|
Mono-exponential model |
ADCmean (10−3mm2/s) | 1.00 ± 0.33 | 1.31 ± 0.26 | 0.005 |
| ADCmax (10−3mm2/s) | 1.51 ± 0.54 | 1.91 ± 0.33 | 0.016 | |
| ADCmin (10−3mm2/s) | 0.60 ± 0.33 | 0.81 ± 0.25 | 0.036 | |
| ADCrange (10−3mm2/s) | 1.28 ± 0.46 | 1.31 ± 0.43 | 0.854 | |
|
Bi-exponential model |
D (10−3mm2/s) | 0.92 ± 0.45 | 1.17 ± 0.32 | 0.009 |
| D* (10−3mm2/s) | 88.86 ± 66.48 | 33.27 ± 52.10 | 0.001 | |
| f (%) | 28 ± 17 | 45 ± 20 | 0.01 | |
|
Stretched exponential model |
DDC (10−3mm2/s) | 0.24 ± 3.97 | 0.42 ± 2.18 | 0.333 |
| α | 0.59 ± 0.16 | 0.89 ± 0.74 | 0.061 | |
*Smoking index = number of cigarettes smoked per day × number of years of smoking. The bold values of p-value indicate that the p-value of this parameter was less than 0.05.
UICC union for international cancer control, PFS progression-free survival; ADC apparent diffusion coefficient map, D true diffusion coefficient, D*, pseudo diffusion coefficient, f perfusion fraction, DDC distributed diffusion coefficient, α diffusion heterogeneity index