Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 766) from the NHANES 2013–2014
| Characteristic | Overall |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean and SD | 49.22 ± 16.94 |
| Sex, % and n | |
| Male | 363 (47.39%) |
| Female | 403 (52.61%) |
| Ethnicity, % and n | |
| Mexican American | 144 (18.80%) |
| Other Hispanic | 70 (9.14%) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 323 (42.17%) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 120 (15.67%) |
| Other race | 109 (14.23%) |
| Serum cotinine, ng/mL | 0.04 (0.01–0.88) |
| Education, % and n | |
| Less than 9th grade | 77 (10.05%) |
| 9–11th grade | 92 (12.01%) |
| High-school graduate | 169 (22.06%) |
| Some college or AA degree | 226 (29.50%) |
| College graduate or above | 202 (26.37%) |
| BMI (kg/m2), % and n | |
| < 25 | 216 (28.42%) |
| 25–30 | 258 (33.95%) |
| ≥ 30 | 286 (37.63%) |
| Alcohol, % and n | |
| Non-drinker | 180 (25.57%) |
| Drinker | 524 (74.43%) |
| Diabetes, % and n | |
| No | 671 (87.60%) |
| Yes | 95 (12.40%) |
| Hypertension, % and n | |
| No | 489 (63.84%) |
| Yes | 277 (36.16%) |
| PIR, % and n | |
| ≤ 1 | 177 (24.86%) |
| > 1 | 535 (75.14%) |
| Propanaldehyde, ng/mL | 1.97 (1.51–2.50) |
| Isopentanaldehyde, ng/mL | 0.44 (0.32–0.70) |
| Hexanaldehyde, ng/mL | 2.19 (1.77–2.70) |
| Heptanaldehyde, ng/mL | 0.51 (0.43–0.59) |
| Butyraldehyde, ng/mL | 0.54 (0.40–0.70) |
| Benzaldehyde, ng/mL | 1.33 (0.87–1.89) |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.62 ± 0.28 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.27 ± 0.31 |
| Iron, μg/dL | 83.02 ± 35.03 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 65.53 ± 20.05 |
| Absolute neutrophil count, 109/L | 7.39 ± 2.30 |
| Lymphocyte count, 109/L | 2.14 ± 0.72 |
Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) and sample size (percentage) for categorical variables