Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 15;39(3):455–475. doi: 10.1007/s43188-023-00177-1

Table 5.

Serum biochemistry findings in male Swiss Albino mice treated with ruthenium biochanin-A complex for 28 days repeated-dose oral sub-acute toxicity study

Parameters Control Ruthenium biochanin-A (50 mg/kg) Ruthenium biochanin-A (100 mg/kg) Ruthenium biochanin-A (200 mg/kg) Ruthenium biochanin-A (400 mg/kg)
Aspartate amino transferase (AST) 50.84 ± 0.008 52.66 ± 0.012* 52.66 ± 0.012# 56.35 ± 0.012*#$ 111.80 ± 0.010*#$α
Alanine amino transferase (ALT) 39.36 ± 0.007 38.38 ± 0.009* 38.95 ± 0.011*# 40.05 ± 0.014*#$ 100.10 ± 0.010*#$α
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 77.34 ± 0.013 65.75 ± 15.90* 79.05 ± 0.012*# 60.75 ± 0.012*#$ 102.10 ± 0.014*#$α
Total protein (g/dL) 5.74 ± 0.011 6.35 ± 0.014* 6.35 ± 0.008* 5.94 ± 0.010*#$ 2.45 ± 0.012#$α
Albumin (g/dL) 3.95 ± 0.006 3.86 ± 0.013* 3.74 ± 0.009*# 3.56 ± 0.009*#$ 5.85 ± 0.012*#$α
Globulin (g/dL) 3.94 ± 0.009 3.85 ± 0.011* 3.56 ± 0.011*# 3.65 ± 0.011*#$ 3.95 ± 0.007#$α
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.43 ± 0.007 0.44 ± 0.015 0.66 ± 0.011*# 0.53 ± 0.009*#$ 1.95 ± 0.007*#$α
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) 16.17 ± 0.009 17.86 ± 0.009* 16.37 ± 0.007*# 16.15 ± 0.012#$ 29.34 ± 0.009*#$α
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.65 ± 0.011 0.65 ± 0.013 0.66 ± 0.007 0.67 ± 0.008 1.85 ± 0.013*#$α

The values were depicted as mean ± SEM (n = 6). The values were analyzed through one-way ANOVA associated with Tukey’s multiple comparison test

*Significant difference as compared to the control group (p < 0.05)

#Significant difference as compared to the 50 mg/kg complex treated group (p < 0.05)

$Significant difference as compared to the 100 mg/kg complex treated group (p < 0.05)

αSignificant difference as compared to the 200 mg/kg complex treated group (p < 0.05)