Table 1.

Summary of cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients treated with ICIs.

No	Author	Age/Sex	Country	Comorbidity	Cancer type	ICIs treatment	Time from last ICIs administration to COVID-19 diagnosis (days)	Symptoms	Chest CT (X-ray) findings	Laboratory examination	Treatments	Outcome
Mild cases
1	Anastasopoulou et al. [34]	82/F	Greece	Hypothyroidism	Melanoma, stage IV	Nivolumab, 12 cycles	21	Fatigue, dyspnea	Diffuse bilateral and peripheral lung infiltrates	lymphopenia:0.61 ×109/l; CRP:54 mg/l	Dexamethasone, remdesivir, ceftriaxone, oxygen	Symptoms resolved and discharged
2	Arenbergerova et al. [35]	68/M	Czech	COPD	Melanoma, stage IV	Nivolumab for 12 weeks	NA	Chronic nonproductive cough	NA	NA	Atenolol, ventolin inhaler	Improved and continue with the adjuvant treatment while delaying the next dose by 3 weeks
3	Arenbergerova et al. [35]	29/F	Czech	NA	Melanoma, stage IIIB	Pembrolizumab, Q3W	NA	Fever, fatigue, dry cough.	NA	CRP↑	Paracetamol	Improved and continue with the adjuvant treatment while delaying the next dose by 3 weeks
4	Arenbergerova et al. [35]	59/M	Czech	NA	Melanoma, stage IIIB	Pembrolizumab, Q3W	NA	Fever, fatigue, dry cough.	NA	CRP↑	Paracetamol	Improved and continue with the adjuvant treatment while delaying the next dose by 3 weeks
5	Artigas et al. [36]	51/M	Belgium	NA	Renal cell carcinoma	Nivolumab	NA	Fatigue, anorexia	Ground glass opacities in both lungs	LDH: 365 U/L; lymphocyte: 1.16*103/mm3; CRP: 167 mg/L	Hydroxychloroquine, piperacillin/tazobactam	NA
6	de Joode et al. [37]	62/M	Netherlands	Type 2 diabetes, hypertension	Renal cell cancer with metastases	Ipilimumab, nivolumab	42	Cough, dyspnea	NA	Lymphocytes↓	Prednisolone, cefuroxime, azithromycin	Died 30 days after discharged due to severe neurological deterioration
7	Di Giacomo et al. [38]	74/M	Italy	Renal cell carcinoma	Metastatic cutaneous melanoma	Anti-PD-1, 83 cycles	5	Fever, mild dyspnea, cough	Bilateral pneumonitis	CRP: 4.22 mg/liter; lymphocytes: 1060/mm3	Azithromycin, darunavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, oxygen therapy	Improved and resumed ICI treatment
8	Di Giacomo et al. [38]	51/F	Italy	NA	Melanoma, stage IV	Anti-PD-1, 11 cycles	6	Asthenia, nausea, fever, headache	NA	CRP: 1.1 mg/liter; lymphocytes: 1105/mm3	Self-isolation	Improved and resumed ICI treatment
9	M. Bonomi et al. [39]	65/M	Italy	None	Lung cancer, stage IV	Pembrolizumab	7	Fever, cough	Diffuse ground glass opacities	Lymphocytes: 0.21*103/mm3; CRP: 225.16 mg/L; IL-6:101.6 ng/l	Darunavir, ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab	Improved and resumed chemoimmunotherapy without complications
10	O’Kelly et al. [40]	22/F	Ireland	NA	Hodgkin lymphoma	Pembrolizumab, 6 cycles, Q6W	Nearly 30	Cough, pyrexia, sore throat, chills	Infiltration of the lower lungs	Lymphocytes: 0.27*109/l; CRP: 42 mg/L; LDH: 282 U/l	Piperacillin–tazobactam, doxycycline, lopinavir, ritonavir hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin	Improved
11	Pala et al. [41]	54/M	Italy	NA	Melanoma with lung metastases	Pembrolizumab, Q3W	29	Fever, mild anosmia	Mild interstitial bilateral pneumonitis	Normal	Azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine	Improved
12	Rolfo et al. [42]	62/M	Columbia	NA	Lung cancer with metastases, stage IV	Ipilimumab, nivolumab	8	Fever, fatigue, myalgia, chills, urticaria	NA	Ferritin:940 ng/mL, D-dimer: 2600 ng/dL	Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, methylprednisolone, enoxaparin	Symptoms resolved with no injury to the skin or joints
13	Rolfo et al. [42]	58/F	Columbia	NA	Lung cancer	Pembrolizumab	NA	Diarrhea, fever, dry cough, skin erythema	Unremarkable	CRP↑	Hydroxychloroquine, hydroxyzine, desloratadine methylprednisolone	Improved
14	Schmidle et al. [43]	47/F	German	NA	Melanoma, stage IV	Nivolumab, Q4W	11	Sore throat, cough, headache, fever	Unremarkable	Normal	Spontaneous remission	Improved
15	Szabados et al. [44]	52/M	UK	Hypertension	Metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, stage IV	Ipilimumab, nivolumab, 2 cycles	56	Fever, myalgia, dyspnea	Bilateral lung infiltrates	CRP: 272 mg/L; ferritin: 995 mg/l	Co-amoxiclav, clarithromycin, oxygen therapy	Improved and soon resumed cancer treatment
16	Szabados et al. [44]	68/M	UK	Hypertension	Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, stage IV	Ipilimumab, nivolumab, 1 cycle	14	Fever, cough	NA	CRP: 18 mg/L	Self-isolation	Symptoms resolved and resumed cancer treatment
17	Szabados et al. [44]	66/M	UK	Hypertension	Urothelial carcinoma, stage IV	Atezolizumab, 6 months	21	Cough, dyspnea	Persistent fibrotic changes	CRP: 29 mg/L	Self-isolation	Symptoms resolved, resumed cancer treatment 36 days after COVID-19
18	Szabados et al. [44]	72/M	UK	Hypertension, diabetes	Urothelial carcinoma, stage IV	Atezolizumab, 4 months	21	Cough, diarrhea	Unremarkable	Creatinine: 276 mg/dl, CRP: 25 mg/dl; lymphocyte: 0.6*109/l	Fluid replacement, tazobactam, piperacillin	Improved, discharged, resumed atezolizumab 31 days after COVID-19
19	Yekedüz et al. [45]	75/F	Turkey	Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, COPD	Metastatic malignant melanoma, stage IV	Nivolumab, 27 cycles	8	Diarrhea, dyspnea, fever	Bilateral pleural thickening	CRP: 92 mg/L	Oseltamivir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, piperacillin/tazobactam	Died 10 days after discharged due to chronic heart disease
Severe cases
1	Ahmed et al. [46]	83/F	Germany	NA	Melanoma brain metastasis	Nivolumab, ipilimumab	49	Dry cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, fever	Severe pulmonary consolidation	NA	Anticoagulant therapy, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation	Successfully weaned and extubated and is recovering adequately
2	da Costa et al. [47]	66/M	Brazil	Hypertension, diabetes	Merkel cell carcinoma, stage IIA	Pembrolizumab, Q3W, 13 cycles	18	Fever, dyspnea	Bilateral pulmonary ground-glass opacities	Leukocytes: 6650 g/dl; lymphocytes: 210 g/dl; CRP: 9.16 mg/dl	Invasive mechanical ventilation, wide spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, anticoagulant therapy, tracheotomy	Discharged after ventilatory and neurological improvement
3	Di Noia et al. [48]	53/M	Italy	Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus	Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer	Nivolumab, 31 cycles	11	Fever, dyspnea	Diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities	Leukocytes: 10.5×103/μl; CRP: 31.7 mg/dl; LDH: 616 U/L	Oxygen therapy, supportive care	Dead
4	L. Bonomi et al. [49]	65/M	Italy	Emphysema	Metastatic lung cancer	Nivolumab	18	Shortness of breath, fever, mental confusion	Reticular interstitial addensative	Lymphopenia, CRP↑; transaminases↑; LDH↑	Antibiotic treatment, oxygen therapy	Dead
5	Lovly et al. [50]	56/M	US	Type 2 diabetes, COPD	Small cell lung cancer	Atezolizumab	2	Dyspnea, hypoxemia	Bilateral ground glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening	Ferritin: 804 ng/mL; LDH: 1218units/L	Methylprednisolone, infliximab, oxygen therapy, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, immunoglobulin, intubation, mechanical ventilation	Dead
6	Murata et al. [51]	70/M	Japan	NA	Lung cancer, stage IIB	Nivolumab, ipilimumab	4	Diarrhea, fever	Unremarkable	CRP: 10.29 mg/dl; IL-6: 69586 pg/ml	Hydration, high dose corticosteroids, antibiotics	Dead
7	Nishiyama et al. [52]	58/F	Japan	NA	Adenocarcinoma of lung with metastasis	Pembrolizumab, 2 cycles	22	Mild sore throat	Unremarkable	CK 5906 U/l, CK-MB 141.7 ng/ ml, troponin T 0.721 ng/ml, NT-proBNP: 1368 pg/ml	Sotrovimab, amiodarone, methylprednisolone, cardiopulmonary resuscitation	Dead

CK creatine kinase, CK-MB creatine kinase–myocardial band, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, CRP C-reactive protein, ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor, IL-6 interleukin-6, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, NA not applicable, NT-proBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, PD-1 programmed death-1, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, UK United Kingdom, US United States.