Figure 5:
Iterative cycling between technical innovations to measure and model cardiovascular function. High throughput characterization of genome, proteome, transcriptome, etc. (“omics”) and microscopy allow scientists to capture rich tapestries of cardiovascular variation in space, time, and molecule. Both animal model systems and mathematical models provide abstractions from reality that enable new insights. Used together, these and other technologies are accelerating the discovery of novel biological mechanisms and therapeutics.Vm: transmembrane voltage; Iion: sum of the ionic currents; Cm: membrane capacitance.