Table 2. I_Kr Markov model transitions and equations adapted from Clancy & Rudy (2001).

The V_{1/2Activation/Deactivation} and V_{1/2Inactivation/Recovery} are abbreviated V_1/2AD and V_1/2IR, respectively. Note, the temperature (T), voltage (V), and extracellular [K⁺] are not pre-defined but inputted during simulation. The MM rates are defined in milliseconds⁻¹ (ms).

Transition equations
C3 → C2 C2 → C3	α = sfactivation · p7 · exp(p2 · ((V + V1/2AD · (37 − T)) · FRT)) β = sfdeactivation · p8 · exp(p9 · ((V + V1/2AD · (37 − T)) · FRT))
C2 → C1 C1 → C2	α1 = sfactivation · p5 β1 = sfdeactivation · p6
C1 → O O → C1	α2 = sfactivation · p1 · exp(p2 · ((V + V1/2AD · (37 − T)) ⋅ FRT)) β2 = sfdeactivation · p3 · exp(p4 · ((V + V1/2AD · (37 − T)) ⋅ FRT))
O → I I → O	${\alpha }_{\text{i}}={\text{sf}}_{\text{recovery}}\cdot {\text{p}}_{10}\cdot \text{exp}\left({\text{p}}_{11}\cdot \left(\left(\text{V }+{\text{V}}_{1/2\text{IR}}\cdot \left(37-\text{T}\right)\right)\cdot \text{FRT}\right)\right)\cdot \frac{{\text{p}}_{12}}{\left[{\text{K}}^{+}\right]}$ ${\beta }_{\text{i}}={\text{sf}}_{\mathit{\text{inact}}}\cdot {\text{p}}_{13}\cdot \text{exp}\left({\text{p}}_{14}\cdot \left(\left(\text{V}+{\text{V}}_{1/2\text{IR}}\cdot \left(37-\text{T}\right)\right)\cdot \text{FRT}\right)\right)\cdot \frac{{\text{p}}_{12}}{\left[{\text{K}}^{+}\right]}$
C1 → I I → C1	α2′ = p15 · α2 μ = (α2′ · αi · β2)/(α2 · βi)
State changes
$\frac{dC3}{dt}=\beta \cdot \text{C}2-\alpha \cdot \text{C}3$
$\frac{dC2}{dt}={\beta }_1\cdot C1-C2\cdot {\alpha }_1+\alpha \cdot C3-C2\cdot \beta$
$\frac{dC1}{dt}=\text{O}\cdot {\beta }_2-\text{C}1\cdot {\alpha }_2+\text{C}2\cdot {\alpha }_1-\text{C}1\cdot {\beta }_1+\text{I}\cdot \mu -\text{C}1\cdot {\alpha }_2{}^{\prime }$
$\frac{dO}{dt}=I\cdot {\alpha }_i-O\cdot {\beta }_i+C1\cdot {\alpha }_2-O\cdot {\beta }_2$
$\frac{dI}{dt}=O\cdot {\beta }_i-I\cdot {\alpha }_i+C1\cdot {\alpha }_2{}^{\prime }-I\cdot \mu$