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. 2023 Jun 30;6(6):e2320960. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20960

Table 1. Characteristics of the 5233 Patients Included in the Analysis.

Variable No. (%) P value
Missing data RTC
Motorbike (n = 4094) Bicycle (n = 910) e-Scooter (n = 229) All groups Motorbike vs e-Scooter Bicycle vs e-Scooter
Age, median (IQR), y 14 (0.3) 31 (23-44) 48 (30-61) 33 (25-46) <.001 .03 <.001
Sex
Men 53 (1.0) 3726 (92.0) 713 (79.0) 190 (83.7) <.001 <.001 .13
Women 324 (8.0) 190 (21.0) 37 (16.3)
ASA-PS 1 59 (1.1) 3062 (75.6) 580 (64.6) 165 (72.4) <.001 .53 .20
BAC >0.5 g/dL 1441 (27.5) 626 (20.7) 66 (10.8) 48 (28.9) <.001 .02 <.001
Place of the crash
Sport and recreational area 449 (8.6) 163 (4.3) 68 (8.5) 20 (9.3) <.001 <.001 <.001
Transport area 3541 (94.0) 715 (89.2) 189 (87.5)
Other 62 (1.7) 19 (2.3) 7 (3.2)
Using a helmet 716 (13.6) NAa 247 (49.3) 32 (22.5) NA NA <.001
Crash occurring during daytime 28 (0.5) 1175 (28.9) 386 (42.6) 64 (28.1) <.001 .86 <.001
Severity
Unstable hemodynamic status 0 911 (22.3) 203 (22.3) 43 (18.8) .46 .25 .28
GCS at baseline, median (IQR) 495 (9.5) 15 (14-15) 14 (10-15) 15 (8-15) <.001 <.001 .34
Severe TBI NA 445 (11.8) 174 (22.1) 50 (25.9) <.001 <.001 .31
SAPS2 113 (2.2) 18 (11-28) 22 (15-37) 20 (13-33) <.001 .009 .04
SOFA 133 (2.5) 1 (0-4) 1 (0-5) 1 (0-6) <.001 .02 .51
ISS 220 (4.0) 12 (8-21) 13 (8-24) 13 (9-24) .003 .07 .92
ISS ≥16 NA 1557 (39.7) 411 (47.3) 102 (45.5) <.001 .10 .69
AIS ≥3
Head 242 (4.6) 699 (17.9) 366 (42.2) 86 (38.4) <.001 <.001 .34
Face 242 (4.6) 105 (2.7) 19 (2.2) 11 (4.9) .08 .08 .05
Chest 242 (4.6) 1188 (30.5) 247 (28.5) 51 (22.8) .03 .02 .10
Abdominal 242 (4.6) 514 (13.2) 71 (8.2) 30 (13.4) <.001 >.99 .02
Extremities 242 (4.6) 1271 (32.6) 118 (13.6) 32 (14.3) <.001 <.001 .88
External 242 (4.6) 2 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 0 .73 >.99 >.99
Extremity site
Lower 242 (4.6) 2319 (56.6) 281 (30.9) 68 (29.7) <.001 <.001 .79
Upper 242 (4.6) 876 (21.4) 217 (23.8) 39 (17.0) .06 .14 .03
Both 242 (4.6) 435 (10.6) 68 (7.5) 13 (5.7) .001 .02 .42

Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists–Physical Status; BAC, blood alcohol content; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; NA, not applicable; RTC, road traffic crash; SAPS2, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; TBI, traumtic brain injuries.

a

Helmet use data are not collected for motorbike RTCs in the TraumaBase.