Table 1. Characteristics of the 5233 Patients Included in the Analysis.
Variable | No. (%) | P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Missing data | RTC | ||||||
Motorbike (n = 4094) | Bicycle (n = 910) | e-Scooter (n = 229) | All groups | Motorbike vs e-Scooter | Bicycle vs e-Scooter | ||
Age, median (IQR), y | 14 (0.3) | 31 (23-44) | 48 (30-61) | 33 (25-46) | <.001 | .03 | <.001 |
Sex | |||||||
Men | 53 (1.0) | 3726 (92.0) | 713 (79.0) | 190 (83.7) | <.001 | <.001 | .13 |
Women | 324 (8.0) | 190 (21.0) | 37 (16.3) | ||||
ASA-PS 1 | 59 (1.1) | 3062 (75.6) | 580 (64.6) | 165 (72.4) | <.001 | .53 | .20 |
BAC >0.5 g/dL | 1441 (27.5) | 626 (20.7) | 66 (10.8) | 48 (28.9) | <.001 | .02 | <.001 |
Place of the crash | |||||||
Sport and recreational area | 449 (8.6) | 163 (4.3) | 68 (8.5) | 20 (9.3) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
Transport area | 3541 (94.0) | 715 (89.2) | 189 (87.5) | ||||
Other | 62 (1.7) | 19 (2.3) | 7 (3.2) | ||||
Using a helmet | 716 (13.6) | NAa | 247 (49.3) | 32 (22.5) | NA | NA | <.001 |
Crash occurring during daytime | 28 (0.5) | 1175 (28.9) | 386 (42.6) | 64 (28.1) | <.001 | .86 | <.001 |
Severity | |||||||
Unstable hemodynamic status | 0 | 911 (22.3) | 203 (22.3) | 43 (18.8) | .46 | .25 | .28 |
GCS at baseline, median (IQR) | 495 (9.5) | 15 (14-15) | 14 (10-15) | 15 (8-15) | <.001 | <.001 | .34 |
Severe TBI | NA | 445 (11.8) | 174 (22.1) | 50 (25.9) | <.001 | <.001 | .31 |
SAPS2 | 113 (2.2) | 18 (11-28) | 22 (15-37) | 20 (13-33) | <.001 | .009 | .04 |
SOFA | 133 (2.5) | 1 (0-4) | 1 (0-5) | 1 (0-6) | <.001 | .02 | .51 |
ISS | 220 (4.0) | 12 (8-21) | 13 (8-24) | 13 (9-24) | .003 | .07 | .92 |
ISS ≥16 | NA | 1557 (39.7) | 411 (47.3) | 102 (45.5) | <.001 | .10 | .69 |
AIS ≥3 | |||||||
Head | 242 (4.6) | 699 (17.9) | 366 (42.2) | 86 (38.4) | <.001 | <.001 | .34 |
Face | 242 (4.6) | 105 (2.7) | 19 (2.2) | 11 (4.9) | .08 | .08 | .05 |
Chest | 242 (4.6) | 1188 (30.5) | 247 (28.5) | 51 (22.8) | .03 | .02 | .10 |
Abdominal | 242 (4.6) | 514 (13.2) | 71 (8.2) | 30 (13.4) | <.001 | >.99 | .02 |
Extremities | 242 (4.6) | 1271 (32.6) | 118 (13.6) | 32 (14.3) | <.001 | <.001 | .88 |
External | 242 (4.6) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | .73 | >.99 | >.99 |
Extremity site | |||||||
Lower | 242 (4.6) | 2319 (56.6) | 281 (30.9) | 68 (29.7) | <.001 | <.001 | .79 |
Upper | 242 (4.6) | 876 (21.4) | 217 (23.8) | 39 (17.0) | .06 | .14 | .03 |
Both | 242 (4.6) | 435 (10.6) | 68 (7.5) | 13 (5.7) | .001 | .02 | .42 |
Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ASA-PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists–Physical Status; BAC, blood alcohol content; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; NA, not applicable; RTC, road traffic crash; SAPS2, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; TBI, traumtic brain injuries.
Helmet use data are not collected for motorbike RTCs in the TraumaBase.