Table 1.

Type of initiative

Category	Definition of category	# of papers	%
Education / support program	A programme to education or support the individual(s), either patient / population or workforce. For example, the education initiative to improve healthy lifestyles with a focus on school children [33]	414	26%
Service reform	A change or addition to a health service, ie improved patient flow redesign or additional outpatient clinic. For example, the description of Shanghai’s service reforms [34]	366	23%
Change to physical environment	A change to the physical environment to change the world in which the individual interacts. For example, Los Angeles banning fast-food restaurants [35]	336	21%
Comprehensive	The initiative was described as, and believed to be, a comprehensive initiative (ie more than one single initiative) and / or it contained more than one of these 6 categories. For example, the urban health strategy in Detroit [36]	124	8%
Digital / IT / Data	A digital or data initiative, or the use of IT more generally, to improve health or healthcare	92	6%
Not stated / unclear	There was not an initiative or if there was it was not stated in the title or abstract. For example, Taipei’s multi-channel digital risk communications to prevent the spread of a communicable disease [37]	282	17%