Table 3.

Descriptive data and t-tests for Iranian adolescents (study 1), university students (study 2), and the combined sample (study 3)

	Boys (n = 498)	Girls (n = 607)	t	p	Cohen’s da
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Study 1: adolescents
Dietary restraintb	1.23 (1.52)	1.50 (1.64)	2.83	0.005	0.17
Shape/weight overvaluationb	1.86 (1.95)	2.01 (1.91)	1.25	0.211	0.08
Body dissatisfaction with shape and weight	1.75 (1.85)	2.25 (2.07)	4.20	0.0001	0.25

	zBMI < 1 (n = 916)	zBMI ≥ 1 (n = 181)
Dietary restraint	1.22 (1.50)	2.22 (1.79)	7.92	0.0001	0.61
Shape/weight overvaluation	1.79 (1.85)	2.77 (2.12)	6.30	0.0001	0.49
Body dissatisfaction with shape and weight	1.76 (1.82)	3.44 (2.19)	10.95	0.0001	0.83

	Men (n = 253)	Women (n = 384)
Study 2: university students
Dietary Restraintb	1.14 (1.52)	1.27 (1.57)	1.07	0.285	0.08
Shape/Weight Overvaluationb	2.03 (1.85)	2.08 (1.91)	0.30	0.767	0.03
Body dissatisfaction with shape and weight	2.02 (1.65)	2.29 (1.95)	1.85	0.064	0.15

	BMI < 25 (n = 525)	BMI ≥ 25 (n = 111)
Dietary restraint	0.99 (1.39)	2.26 (1.84)	8.17	0.0001	0.78
Shape/weight overvaluationb	1.94 (1.84)	2.62 (2.0)	3.27	0.001	0.35
Body dissatisfaction with shape and weight	1.93 (1.71)	3.40 (1.94)	8.0	0.0001	0.80

	Adolescents (n = 1106)	University students (n = 637)
Study 3: combined sample of adolescents and university students
Dietary restraintb	1.39 (1.59)	1.22 (1.56)	2.13	0.033	0.11
Shape/weight overvaluationb	1.95 (1.94)	2.07 (1.89)	1.26	0.209	0.06
Body dissatisfaction with shape and weight	2.03 (1.99)	2.19 (1.84)	1.66	0.096	0.08

^aEffect size (i.e., small [0.0–0.2], medium [0.2–0.5], large [≥ 0.8])

^bLevene’s test for equality of variance was violated and unequal variances were assumed

zBMI score < 1 = Low-to-Average weight. zBMI score ≥ 1 = Higher weight. BMI score < 25 = Low-to-Average weight. BMI score ≥ 25 = Higher weight