Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Studies	Year of Published	Regiona	Setting	Study year	Sampling strategy	Cases	Sample size	Age range	Male / femaleb
Weixing [13*]	2001	Zhejiang	mixed	1999	stratified sampling	350	4084	≥ 18	7.386
Jinglian, et al. [14*]	2003	Heilongjiang	rural	2001	random sampling	58	1203	NA	1.857
Shengqi, et al. [15*]	2003	Henan	mixed	2000–2003	random sampling	211	4358	NA	1.858
Youming, et al. [16*]	2003	Zhejiang	mixed	NA	multistage stratified cluster sampling	792	18,237	NA	1.944
Xiaolan, et al. [17*]	2004	Shaanxi	mixed	NA	random cluster sampling	83	4115	NA	NA
Shuiqi, et al. [18*]	2005	Hunan	mixed	NA	multistage random stratified cluster sampling	811	18,618	NA	NA
Zhou et al. [19*]	2007	Guangdong	mixed	2005	multistage random stratified cluster sampling	79	3543	7–100	0.587
Jie [20*]	2008	Jilin	mixed	2007	multistage stratified sampling	152	3815	≥ 18	1.042
Lei, et al. [21*]	2010	Guizhou	mixed	2009–2010	NA	186	4167	≥ 18	1.530
Shilin, et al. [22*]	2010	Liaoning	mixed	2007	random cluster sampling	450	6598	7–94	1.642
Jinghui, et al. [23*]	2011	Yunnan	mixed	2010–2011	random cluster sampling	84	1690	≥ 18	NA
Xiaodong, et al. [24*]	2011	Jilin	mixed	2007	multistage stratified cluster sampling	143	3815	≥ 18	0.890
Yan, et al. [25*]	2013	Beijing	mixed	NA	multistage random stratified cluster sampling	309	3762	20–92	1.623
Wang, et al. [26*]	2014	Shandong	mixed	2011	multistage random cluster sampling	624	7295	≥ 18	0.990
Yan, et al. [27*]	2015	Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang	urban	NA	multistage stratified cluster sampling	201	2300	≥ 18	3.007
Huan, et al. [28*]	2016	Shandong	urban	2013–2014	multistage stratified cluster sampling	219	3998	> 20	0.968
Baima KZ, et al. [29*]	2016	Tibet	mixed	2009–2010	random stratified sampling	106	2178	≥ 18	0.829
Qiannan, et al. [30*]	2017	Shaanxi	mixed	2016	NA	397	6723	≥ 18	3.685
Huang, et al. [31*]	2018	Anhui	mixed	2012	multistage random cluster sampling	101	2545	40–96	0.760
Wang H et al. [32*]	2022	Beijing	mixed	2017–2020	multistage stratified cluster sampling	974	74,988	≥ 25	0.855
Pi, et al. [33*]	2022	Beijing	mixed	2018–2020	multistage stratified cluster sampling	311	8014	25–87	0.962

^aRegion: Provincial-level administrative regions in China, including provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions

^bMale/female: The ratio of males to females

NA not available