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. 2022 Aug 30;149(7):4131–4139. doi: 10.1007/s00432-022-04329-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Expression of selected markers on tumor-associated immune cells in venous tumor thrombus and primary RCC. VISTA and TOX in tumor thrombus A and primary tumor B, PD-L1 and TOX in tumor thrombus C, comparison of VISTA expression between compartments D – lines connect corresponding cases. PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, TAICs tumor-associated immune cells, TOX thymocyte selection-associated HMG BOX, VISTA V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation. The associations were estimated with the Wilcoxon test