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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol. 2022 Mar 19;269(8):4310–4321. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11067-1

Figure 4. Initial symptoms in later onset MSA patients and usual onset MSA patients in each cohort.

Figure 4

(A) In the clinical cohort, the fraction of patients who presented with autonomic dysfunction as initial symptoms were 14% in LO-MSA (1/7) and 13% in UO-MSA (10/76).

(B) In the autopsy cohort, none of the LO-MSA patients had autonomic dysfunction as their initial symptom. In UO-MSA, the fractions of patients whose initial symptoms were autonomic dysfunction, motor symptoms, both simultaneously were 30% (56/184), 64% (117/184), and 2% (4/184), respectively.

OH, orthostatic hypotension; ED, erectile dysfunction